Seven microliters of pelleted plasma resuspended in complete medium or plasma-derived viral progeny produced on Vero E6 cells was spotted onto copper hexagonal EM grids (#
FCF200H-Cu-TB, Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA). Complete medium only or plasma of a COVID-19-negative patient and a virus stock of porcine respiratory coronavirus (strain 20v17) functioned as negative and positive controls, respectively (Fig.
S4c). Grids were washed one time in ultrapure water prior to negative staining with 1% uranyl acetate for 45 s. EM grids were observed using a JEOL JEM-1400 Plus transmission electron microscope and Radius v1.4 software.
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