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8 protocols using dulbecco s modified eagle medium dmem culture medium

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Nanomaterials

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The chemicals and solvents for the syntheses of brush PMSEA and PEGA polymers were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich and used as received. MSEA monomer was synthesized according to our previous work.[15a] Iron oxide nanocrystals with oleic acid coating were purchased from Ocean NanoTech. Maleimide‐Cy5 was purchased from Lumiprobe Corp. Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) culture medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Raw 264.7 and MDA‐MB‐468 cells from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) were used as received. Plasma was prepared by collecting the top layer following centrifugation of fresh blood at 900 g, for 15 min, without brake. (Collected from a healthy human volunteer into Greiner Bio‐One sodium heparin VACUETTE blood collection tubes, in accordance with the University of Melbourne Human ethics approval 1443420 and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research.)
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2

Chitosan Synthesis and Cell Culture

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Chitosan was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The degree of deacetylation was 90% and viscosity-average molecular weight was 5.3 × 104. Other reagents, such as sodium carbonate, acetic acid, ethanol, potassium bromide (KBr), and solvents, were analytical grade and were also supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). FBS (fetal bovine serum) and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) culture medium were purchased from Gibco Company (Langley, OK, USA). Penicillin–streptomycin for the cell culture, as well as trypsin, were purchased from Beyotime Bio Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). MTT (M2128) was supplied by Sigma Company (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Fibroblasts, NCTC clone 929 (mouse connective tissue), were purchased from Cell Resources Center (Shanghai Academy of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China) and preserved in the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University. L929 cells were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS and 100 IU/mL Penicillin–streptomycin. The cells were maintained in a humid incubator (5% CO2) at 37 °C [32 (link)].
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3

Establishing Primary Mixed Glial Cultures

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Animal protocols were performed in compliance with the University of Connecticut Health Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. Primary mixed glial cultures were prepared, as previously described (31 (link)). Briefly, cortices of mouse pups (postnatal day 0 to 3) were obtained from WT C57BL/6 mice or TIMP-1 knockout (TIMP-1 KO) mice of the same genetic background, stripped of meninges, separated from the cerebellum, and hippocampi removed. The cortices were dissociated using a neural tissue dissociation kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Miltenyi Biotec) and cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) culture medium (Gibco/Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA). Media containing non-adherent cells was removed the following day and replaced with fresh media. For experiments analyzing the effects of reintroducing TIMP-1 protein to TIMP-1 KO cultures, recombinant murine TIMP-1 (rmTIMP-1, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN; 10 ng/mL) was added 24 h prior to harvesting of protein/RNA. For protein quantification by ELISA, media were collected, spun for 10 min at 2,000 × g, and the supernatant was collected for analysis.
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4

Cell Line Cultures for Biomedical Research

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Different cell lines were used in our experiments including: two adherent cancer cell lines (Human prostate carcinoma cells (DU145), human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231)), an adherent non-cancer cell line (Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)) and one non-adherent cancer cell line (Human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (K562)). Cells were procured from Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC, Iran). MDA-MB-231, K562, and DU145 cells were cultured in the RPMI 1640 culture medium (Gibco, United Kingdom) and HUVEC cells cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) culture medium (Gibco, United Kingdom) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco, United Kingdom), penicillin, and streptomycin (1%) (Gibco, USA). Cells were incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 (Heraeus, D6450 Hanau) and sub-cultured every 3–4 days.
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5

RNA Extraction and qRT-PCR Analysis

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The RNA extraction and one-step reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) kits were purchased from Dayroot Biochemical Technology (Beijing, China); the Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) culture medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from the Gibco Company (New York, USA); the matrix glue was purchased from the Becton Dickinson (BD) Company (New York, USA); the Transwell Lab was purchased from the Corning Company (USA); and the β-Actin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, MMP2, MMP9, BCL2L1, P53, BAX, Caspase 3, and Caspase 7 antibodies were purchased from Proteintech (Chicago, USA).
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6

Immunoassay Reagents for Mouse Studies

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Anti-mouse CD8 (BS-0648R) and anti-IFN-γ (BS-0480R) antibodies were purchased from Bioss (Boston, MA, United States). The anti-IL-12 p70 antibody (NBP1-85564) was purchased from Novus Biological (Littleton, MA, United States). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) culture medium, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium, L-glutamine, trypsin-EDTA and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, United States). ELISPOT assay kits for mouse IL-2, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA, United States). Cisplatin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Stockholm, Sweden). Chloral hydrate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Stockholm, Sweden). QuantiChrom™ Creatinine Assay Kit, QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit, EnzyChrom™ Alanine Transaminase Assay Kit, EnzyChrom™ Aspartate Transaminase Assay Kit and QuantiChrom™ BCG Albumin Assay Kit were purchased from BioAssay Systems (Hayward, CA, United States).
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7

Jujube Powder and Probiotic LGG Protocol

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Jujube powder was prepared in our laboratory according to previous studies (20 (link)), in which jujube powder with the particle size under 10 μm was used in the present study. The chemical composition and physical characteristics of jujube powder can be found in our previous studies (20 (link), 22 (link)). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) lyophilized powder (Total living bacteria count>1.0×1010 CFU/g) was purchased from ZHONGKE-JIAYI (Shandong Zhongke Jiayi Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Weifang, China). In vivo anti-mouse PD-L1 (BE0101) mAb and immunoglobulin G2b isotype (IgG2b, BE0090) were purchased from BioXCell (West Lebanon, NH, USA). Mouse antibodies for flow cytometry were obtained from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) culture medium, Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL) solution and Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). All antibiotics were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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8

Metabolic Effects of Pipecolinic Compounds

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HepaRG cells were obtained from our research group. Pipecolinic acid (CID: 849), L-pipecolic acid (CID: 439227), and 5-oxoproline (CID: 7405) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) culture medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were provided by Gibco. The 1% antibiotics (100 × streptomycin-penicillin) were purchased from Procell, and Trizol RNA extraction reagent was purchased from Axygen Biosciences (AG). In addition, the glucose and lactate assay kits were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Tech Co., Ltd. and the ATP assay kit and bovine serum albumin (BSA) reagent kit were provided by Shanghai Beyotime Biotechnology.
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