All participants underwent color Doppler ultrasound examinations of lower limb arteries using an Acuson Sequoia 512 scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA) equipped with a 5–13 MHz linear array transducer. Ultrasound examination included measurement of atherosclerotic plaque and femoral IMT (F-IMT). Seven arteries in each lower limb, including the femoral artery, deep femoral artery, superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, and peroneal artery, were checked for atherosclerotic plaque. IMT was defined as the distance between the leading edge of the lumen-intima echo and the leading edge of the media-adventitia echo [17 (link)]. F-IMT was defined as the mean value of IMTs of the bilateral femoral arteries [18 (link)].
Acuson sequoia 512 scanner
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in United States
The Acuson Sequoia 512 is a diagnostic ultrasound system manufactured by Siemens. It is designed to capture high-quality images of the body's internal structures. The system features a 512-channel architecture and advanced imaging technologies to provide detailed and accurate visualizations for medical professionals.
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6 protocols using acuson sequoia 512 scanner
1
Comprehensive Ultrasound Assessment of Lower Limb Atherosclerosis
2
Assessing Lower Limb Atherosclerosis via Doppler
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Colour Doppler ultrasound examinations of the lower limb arteries were conducted using an Acuson Sequoia 512 scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA) equipped with a linear array transducer with frequencies of 5–13 MHz. The atherosclerotic plaque measurement range included the femoral artery, deep femoral artery, popliteal artery, superficial femoral artery, anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery and peroneal artery in each lower limb. According to the Mannheim Consensus [22 (link)], intima-media thickness (IMT) was assessed as the distance between the leading edge of the lumen-intima interface and the leading edge of the media-adventitia interface. An atherosclerotic plaque was defined as a focal structure encroaching into the arterial lumen at least 0.5 mm, 50% of the surrounding IMT value, or an IMT thickness ≥ 1.5 mm [22 (link)]. The mean value of the IMTs of the bilateral femoral arteries was defined as the femoral intima-media thickness (F-IMT). And the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in any of the lower limb artery segments listed above was defined as LEAD [23 (link)].
3
Comprehensive Lower Limb Artery Evaluation
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Color Doppler ultrasonography was used for lower limb artery examination using an Acuson Sequoia 512 scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA) equipped with a linear array transducer with frequencies of 5–13 MHz. Seven arteries including femoral artery, deep femoral artery, superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, and peroneal artery in each lower limb were measured for atherosclerotic plaque. The definition of atherosclerotic plaque have been described in detail previously, i.e., a focal structure encroaching into the arterial lumen ≥ 0.5 mm, 50% of the surrounding intima-media thickness (IMT) value, or an IMT thickness ≥ 1.5 mm (14 (link)–16 (link)). The presence of atherosclerotic plaques in any of the lower limb artery segments listed above was defined as LEAD (17 (link)).
4
Ultrasound-based Atherosclerosis Assessment
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All participants underwent color Doppler ultrasound examinations of lower limb arteries using an Acuson Sequoia 512 scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA) equipped with a 5-13 MHz linear array transducer. Ultrasound examination included measurement of atherosclerotic plaque and femoral intima-media thickness (F-IMT). Seven arteries in each lower limb, including the femoral artery, deep femoral artery, superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, and peroneal artery, were checked for atherosclerotic plaque. Intima-media thickness (IMT) was defined as the distance between the leading edge of the lumen-intima echo and the leading edge of the media-adventitia echo [13] . F-IMT was defined as the mean value of IMTs of the bilateral femoral arteries [14] .
5
Carotid Ultrasound Assessment of IMT
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Carotid ultrasonography was performed using an Acuson Sequoia 512 scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA) equipped with a 5–13 MHz linear array transducer, and operated by an experienced vascular physician from the ultrasonic department. The patients were examined in the supine position with the head slightly extended to the opposite direction of the carotid artery being examined. Doppler recordings of the proximal segments of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries were recorded. A composite mean intima-media thickness (IMT) was calculated from the mean IMTs measured from three angles on both sides. The presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque was defined as IMT ⩾1.5 mm, or a focal increase of either 0.5 mm or 50% compared with the surrounding IMT.16 (link)
6
Sonographic Evaluation of Soft Tissue Masses
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US examinations were performed using a Hi Vision 900 scanner (Hitachi Medical Corporation, Inc, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a 5–10‐MHz linear probe, an Acuson Sequoia 512 scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Malvern, PA) equipped with a 7–14‐MHz linear probe, or an iU22 system (Philips Healthcare Andover, MA) equipped with a 5–12‐MHz linear probe. The sonograms were recorded in an image archiving and communication system.
Longitudinal and transverse sonograms of the mass were obtained using gray‐scale and power Doppler imaging. Location, size, shape, margins, echotexture, calcifications, and vascularity of the lesions were assessed. The sonograms were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists with more than 10 years of experience of US of soft tissue masses. The lesions were subdivided into calcified and noncalcified masses. The noncalcified type included substantial mass type and cystoid mass type. The calcified type included scattered dots calcification, clump calcification, and complete calcification with strong posterior acoustic shadowing.
Longitudinal and transverse sonograms of the mass were obtained using gray‐scale and power Doppler imaging. Location, size, shape, margins, echotexture, calcifications, and vascularity of the lesions were assessed. The sonograms were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists with more than 10 years of experience of US of soft tissue masses. The lesions were subdivided into calcified and noncalcified masses. The noncalcified type included substantial mass type and cystoid mass type. The calcified type included scattered dots calcification, clump calcification, and complete calcification with strong posterior acoustic shadowing.
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