Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra were recorded using Spectrum 100 spectrometer, equipped with a diamond ATR crystal (Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer, Spectrum 100, Waltham, MA, USA), with a resolution of 4 cm−1 in the 4000–650 cm−1 wavelength range.
Spectrum 100
Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Japan, France, Germany, China, Singapore
The Spectrum 100 is a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer designed for analytical and research applications. It provides high-performance infrared spectroscopy capabilities for a wide range of sample types. The core function of the Spectrum 100 is to analyze the absorption and transmission characteristics of materials in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Lab products found in correlation
S 4800, by Hitachi (12 mentions)
Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (12 mentions)
Spectrum 2000, by PerkinElmer (9 mentions)
Spectrum software, by PerkinElmer (8 mentions)
Ultima 4, by Rigaku (7 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (6 mentions)
Zetasizer nano z, by Malvern Panalytical (4 mentions)
Jem 2100f, by JEOL (4 mentions)
Autochem 2 2920, by Micromeritics (4 mentions)
K alpha, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Jsm 6701f, by JEOL (3 mentions)
Microtof spectrometer, by Bruker (3 mentions)
Labram hr evolution, by Horiba (3 mentions)
Universal atr sampling accessory, by PerkinElmer (3 mentions)
Tecnai g2 t20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Avance 3, by Bruker (3 mentions)
D max2000, by Rigaku (3 mentions)
Tecnai g2 20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Avance 600 mhz spectrometer, by Bruker (3 mentions)
Epoch 2, by Agilent Technologies (2 mentions)
620 protocols using spectrum 100
1
ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy of Molecular Samples
2
Hybrid Material Characterization Protocol
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All the samples were completely dried before conducting the following analyses. The functional groups of the hybrid materials were analyzed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR, Spectrum 100, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA), and those of the TFC and TFN membranes were analyzed using an attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR) (Spectrum 100, PerkinElmer). FTIR and ATR-FTIR analyses were both performed at room temperature over the wave number range of 450–3500 cm−1 with a resolution of 4 cm−1, and the spectrum of the averaged results of 40 scans of each sample was reported. Contact angles were measured to represent membrane surface hydrophilicity, according to the standard sessile drop method, by using a contact angle meter (Phx mini, Phoenix, Korea). The contact angles of each membrane sample were reported as the average of at least five droplets of Milli-Q water applied at random sites. The morphology and chemical compositions of the synthesized hybrid materials and membrane surfaces were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; SU-5000, Hitachi, Japan) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively, after sputtering a thin layer of Au on the sample surface to enhance conductivity. The particle size of each hybrid material was measured using a laser particle size analyzer (90 Plus, Brookhaven Instruments Co., New York, NY, USA).
3
Characterization of Extracted Chitosan
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The extracted chitosan was characterized by an SEM (Hitachi, SU3800 model, Hitachi City, Japan), an EDX spectroscope (Rigaku, NEX model, Tokyo, Japan), an XRD (Philips, X’pert PRO model, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), and an FTIR spectroscope (PerkinElmer, Spectrum 100 model, Waltham, MA, USA). The surface morphology of the extracted chitosan samples was observed using an SEM. The samples were pretreated and dehydrated to prevent instrumental contamination due to the high vacuum in the SEM (Hitachi, SU3800 model, Japan) [11 (link)]. The chitosan samples adhered to a film of carbon, which was then coated with gold and palladium by a sputter coater. The samples were then placed into the magnification chamber to perform the spectroscopy at 15 kV and a magnification of 50,000× [12 (link)]. The chitosan samples were mixed with potassium bromide and compressed to form 1 cm diameter tablets. The tablets were then placed into the FTIR (PerkinElmer, Spectrum 100 model, Waltham, MA, USA) spectroscopy to be evaluated for their absorbance in the range of wavenumbers between 600 and 4000 cm−1 [8 (link),13 ,14 (link)].
4
FTIR-ATR Analysis of Hydrogel Composites
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FTIR-ATR spectroscopy (Spectrum 100; Perkin Elmer, Walthman, MA, USA) was performed on raw fibers, bleached fibers, NCC, CS, PL, CS-NCC, CS-PL, and CS-NCC-PL hydrogels.
Infrared spectra of CS hydrogel control, PL, NCC, CS hydrogel-reinforced PL, and NCC were determined between 4000 and 650 cm−1 using FTIR-ATR spectrometer (Spectrum 100; Perkin Elmer, Walthman, MA, USA). The spectra were acquired using 32 scans and a 4 cm−1 resolution.
Infrared spectra of CS hydrogel control, PL, NCC, CS hydrogel-reinforced PL, and NCC were determined between 4000 and 650 cm−1 using FTIR-ATR spectrometer (Spectrum 100; Perkin Elmer, Walthman, MA, USA). The spectra were acquired using 32 scans and a 4 cm−1 resolution.
5
Characterization of Heated and Unheated Fibers
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The FTIR spectra of the heated and the unheated fibers were conducted using a Spectrum 100 (PerkinElmer, Beaconsfield, UK) equipped with a universal attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) accessory (PerkinElmer, Spectrum 100, Beaconsfield, UK). In total, 64 scans were measured per spectrum within the wavenumber range of 650 to 4000 cm−1, and then averaged using a resolution of 4 cm−1. The determination of peaks was performed with Spectrum 10 Spectroscopy Software (PerkinElmer, Beaconsfield, UK) and the peak deconvolution app (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA). The principal component analysis for the FTIR spectra was performed using the “Principal Component Analysis for Spectroscopy” app (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA).
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Xanthone Derivatives
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The solvents (analytical grade), silica gel 60, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) silica gel 60 F254 were obtained commercially from Merck (United States). The chemicals and reagents used in the synthesis reactions were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Germany) with high purity (>95%). Acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus (500 UN), butyrylcholinesterase from Equine serum (1.2 KU), acetylthiocholine iodide, S-butyrylthiocholine chloride, and 5,5′-Dithiobis (2-nitro benzoic acid) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Tacrine (Purity >98%) was obtained from Cayman Chemical. The melting point of derivatives was determined by Electrothermal 9100 Series Apparatus. Mass spectra of derivatives were acquired from Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) (Agilent J&W) equipped with GC column HP-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm). 1H and 13C NMR spectral data of derivatives were obtained from JEOL JNM-ECX 500 or JNM-ECZ 600 R NMR spectrometers. FTIR spectra of derivatives were recorded on Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 (Perkin Elmer) equipped with attenuated total reflection (ATR). X-ray analysis was performed using Bruker APEX II DUO CCD diffractometer. Optically active xanthones were analysed using polarimeter Optika POL-1 bench polarimeter. The absorbance of the biological assay was measured with microplate reader BioTek Epoch 2.
7
Polydopamine Coating for Biomedical Micro-UFOs
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Since most of the micro-UFO’s target application areas are biomedical applications, the surface of the micro-UFO is coated with polydopamine (PDA), which is a convenient material for biomedical applications [31 (link)]. Accordingly, after adding 100 mg of dopamine powder (Merck & Company, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA) in 50 mL of purified water, Tris powder (100 mg) was dissolved in the prepared mixture. Starting with the beginning of the coating, the color of the solution gradually gets darker. In the end of the coating, the magnet coated with the PDA is separated from the solution using another magnet. After coating of magnet, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements were applied by Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 (PerkinElmer, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA), which contains diamond crystals for reflection. After placing coated magnet in accessory, peaks of spectrum were measured at the wavelength of 1500–1650 cm−1 and 3200–3600 cm−1; these peaks indicate atomic vibrations of the hydroxyl groups and N–H vibrations in the structure (Figure 8 ). The presence of coating layer is confirmed by the FTIR spectrum observed in Figure 7 . This demonstrates that the permanent magnet used in the robot’s body is successfully coated with PDA for biomedical applications.
8
Structural Analysis of Curcumin Derivatives
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FTIR was performed using a single-reflection diamond detector on a PerkinElmer Spectrum 100, (PerkinElmer, Llantrisant, Wales, UK) to analyze the vibrational changes in the chemical structures which occurred during product formation. Through obtaining the spectra of CUR, BrNQ and CurNQ, the chemical structure of the product could be ascertained, as FTIR allows for functional group identification. All samples were scanned from 4000–600 cm−1 at room temperature at a constant pressure of 120 psi.
9
Spectroscopic Analysis of Organic Compounds
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Optical rotation was measured on a Rudolph Research Analytical AUTOPOL III automatic polarimeter. UV spectra were collected on a NanoDrop Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). NMR data was collected on a JEOL ECA-600 spectrometer (JEOL USA, Peabody, MA, USA) operating at 600 MHz for 1H, and 150.9 for 13C. The edited gHSQC spectrum was optimized for 140 Hz and the gHMBC spectrum optimized for 8 Hz. Chemical shifts were referenced to solvent, e.g., CD3OD, δH observed at 3.31 ppm and δC observed at 49.1 ppm. High-resolution mass spectrometry for 1 was performed on a JEOL AccuTOF-DART 4G (JEOL USA, Peabody, MA, USA) using the ESI source for ionization and detected in positive ion mode. High-resolution mass spectrometry for 2 was performed on a Thermo Fisher Orbitrap (Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA) using the ESI source for ionization and detected in positive ion mode. IR data was collected on a Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 with Universal ATR (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
10
Attenuated Total Reflection FTIR Spectroscopy of Posaconazole Polymorphs
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A Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (PerkinElmer Spectrum 100, PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with an Universal ATR Sampling Accessory with a 9-bounce crystal diamond ZnSe was used to obtain the ATR spectra of posaconazole polymorphs. The ATR spectra were acquired in the region of 4000–650 cm−1 with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1. Each spectrum was a result of 10 accumulated scans. The ATR spectra were acquired using the software Spectrum® 6.3.5 (PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). For posaconazole Form I, an adequate quantity was placed with a spatula on the ATR crystal and a cotton swab was used for pressing the sample. Similarly, a quantity of approximately 20 mg of the isolated posaconazole precipitate was spread on the ATR crystal with a spatula and it was covered with the LDPE cling film.
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