The mice were fasted for 6 h (5.30 am to 11.30 am) followed by weighing and measurement of fasting tail blood glucose with a glucometer (Bayer Healthcare inc., Germany). Then mice received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of glucose (2 mg/g mouse) for the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin (0.5 mU/g mouse) for the insulin tolerance test (ITT) (Actrapid, Novo Nordisk, Denmark). Tail blood glucose concentration was measured with the glucometer (Bayer Healthcare Inc.) 15, 30, 45 60, 90, and 120 min after the injection.
Glucometer
Manufactured by Bayer
Sourced in United States, Germany, Canada, Italy
The Glucometer is a portable electronic device used to measure and display the concentration of glucose in a person's blood. It serves as a core tool for monitoring and managing diabetes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Insulin, by Eli Lilly (7 mentions)
Streptozotocin (stz), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Insulin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bca protein assay kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Alt reagent set, by Horiba (2 mentions)
Pyruvate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
C57bl 6n mice, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions)
Colorimetric assay, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Il 1β, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
Tnf α, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
Fluostar omega, by BMG Labtech (1 mentions)
Interleukin 6 (il 6), by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
Insulin aspart, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions)
Creatinine assay kit, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Sensitive rat albumin enzyme immunoassay eia kit, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Actrapid, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions)
Tridecanoic acid, by Matreya (1 mentions)
Mouse adiponectin acrp30 immunoassay, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
Live dead cell viability cytotoxicity kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
L glutamine, by Corning (1 mentions)
106 protocols using glucometer
1
Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests in Mice
2
Serum Glucose Assay by Retro-Orbital Blood Collection
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For assaying serum glucose, blood samples were collected into tubes containing no anticoagulant from the retro-orbital sinus per a standard procedure (Parasuraman et al., 2010) and then were sequentially clotted for 30 min on ice, centrifuged at 2,000 g for 15 min at 4 °C, the top yellow serum layer, and glucose measured using a Glucometer (Bayer, Pittsburgh, PA). Fasting blood glucose was detected using a Glucometer (Bayer, Pittsburgh, PA) by tail bleeds after fasting for 16 h.
3
Fasting Glucose Monitoring Protocol
4
Pyruvate Injection Regulates Glucose Levels
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We overnight fasted mice and then intraperitoneally injected them with 1 g/kg body weight pyruvate (Cat # P5280 Sigma- Aldrich) diluted in PBS, pH 7.3. We collected tail blood immediately before injection and after injection at the time points indicated in the figure, and measured glucose with the Bayer glucometer referenced above.
5
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice
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Streptozotocin treatment was done as described (Franko et al. 2014 , 2016 ). In brief, male, 3 months old C57BL6/N mice (Charles River, Germany) were treated with 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) for 5 consecutive days or left untreated (controls). Blood glucose was measured in tail blood samples using a glucometer (Bayer, Germany).
6
Glucose Tolerance Test in Mice
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The tolerance test was performed as described previously [16 (link)]. Mice were overnight-fasted (12–16 h) and fasted blood glucose was measured in tail vein blood samples. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with glucose (2 g/kg body weight), and blood glucose was measured at 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min following injection using a glucometer (Bayer, Beijing, China). Blood glucose response to glucose tolerance tests was calculated as the area under the glucose curve for each mouse according to the trapezoidal method, as previously described [17 (link)].
7
Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice
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Eight to twelve-week-old male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6JRj and mutant (ST2 -/-) mice were used and bred in our animal facility (UFR Medicine, Poitiers) under specific pathogen-free conditions. ST2 -/-mice were generated as previously described [13] and backcrossed onto the C57BL/6JRj background for 12 generations.
Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injections of STZ (50 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days) or vehicle (sodium citrate buffer) as previously described by the AMDCC consortium (http://www.diacomp.org/shared/document.aspx?id=19&docType=Protocol). Animals were screened for blood glucose, sampled from the caudal vein, using a Bayer glucometer to ensure chronic hyperglycemia, after a 4-hour fast.
IRI experiments were performed at 5 months of age. Animals were anaesthetized with isoflurane. Temperature control was set at 37°C. A flank incision was performed and a left unilateral nephrectomy was performed, allowing access to renal tissue at baseline (D0). IRI was performed on the right kidney by 32 minutes clamping of the renal pedicle followed by 24 hours reperfusion (D1). Blood and renal tissue were then collected. All procedures were performed in accordance with the recommendations of the European Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care and French institutional committee (CEEA-122: 2012-06).
Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injections of STZ (50 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days) or vehicle (sodium citrate buffer) as previously described by the AMDCC consortium (http://www.diacomp.org/shared/document.aspx?id=19&docType=Protocol). Animals were screened for blood glucose, sampled from the caudal vein, using a Bayer glucometer to ensure chronic hyperglycemia, after a 4-hour fast.
IRI experiments were performed at 5 months of age. Animals were anaesthetized with isoflurane. Temperature control was set at 37°C. A flank incision was performed and a left unilateral nephrectomy was performed, allowing access to renal tissue at baseline (D0). IRI was performed on the right kidney by 32 minutes clamping of the renal pedicle followed by 24 hours reperfusion (D1). Blood and renal tissue were then collected. All procedures were performed in accordance with the recommendations of the European Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care and French institutional committee (CEEA-122: 2012-06).
8
Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests
9
Insulin Tolerance Test Protocol
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Two days prior to the sacrifice, an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) was performed. Fasted (6 h) animals were injected with insulin (0.25 U/kg, Lilly, Portugal) and glucose was measured before and after 15, 30, 60, and 120 min using a Glucometer (Bayer, Germany). The area under the curve was then calculated.
10
Gut Microbiome Transplantation and Metabolic Effects
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Germ-free Swiss Webster male mice aged 10 weeks were used for all transplantation experiments (Figure 1b ). Frozen contents from the ileum and cecum of sham- and RYGB-operated fa/fa rats were homogenized in phosphate-buffered saline buffer supplemented with reducing solution (0.02 m Na2S and 1% cystein dissolved in NaHCO3 buffer). Two separate donors from each group were selected. Germ-free mice (four to five mice per group) were fasted for 4 h and gavaged with the resultant slurry (200 μl). The transplanted mice were maintained in autoclaved individual ventilated cages with sterile bedding and fed autoclaved food and water ad libitum for 2 weeks. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging was performed on day 1 and day 14 after the transplantation. On day 14, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in mice by oral administration of 30% d -glucose (2 g kg−1 body weight) after a 4 h fast. Blood was drawn from the tail vein at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min, and blood glucose levels were measured with a Bayer glucometer. The ileum and cecum from colonized mice were collected and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until further process. These procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Care and Use in Gothenburg, Sweden.
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