Titanium foil

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Titanium foil is a thin sheet of pure titanium metal. It is highly resistant to corrosion and has a high strength-to-weight ratio. Titanium foil is commonly used in various industrial and scientific applications due to its unique properties.

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18 protocols using titanium foil

Titanium Foil-based Electrode Fabrication

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Titanium foil (0.127 nm thickness, obtained from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA), molybdenum carbide (Mo₂C) (99%, obtained from Sigma Aldrich), Pt mesh (99%, obtained from Sigma Aldrich), ethylene glycol (analytical grade, obtained from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), ammonium fluoride NH₄F (analytical grade, obtained from Merck, Germany), distilled water, ethanol (analytical grade, obtained from QReC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) were used. All chemicals were used as received from the manufacturer without additional purification.

Moridon S.N., Arifin K., Mohamed M.A., Minggu L.J., Mohamad Yunus R, & Kassim M.B. (2023). TiO2 Nanotubes Decorated with Mo2C for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting Properties. Materials, 16(18), 6261.

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Synthesis of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays

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TiO₂ NTs were synthesized on Ti foil via a two-step anodization method. 0.25 mm thick titanium foil (99.7%; Sigma-Aldrich) with desired dimension were sonicated in ethanol, acetone and DI water to remove any unwanted substance on the surface of the Ti foil. A two-electrode electrochemical cell filled with electrolyte containing ethylene glycol solution of 0.3 wt% NH₄F and 2 vol% H₂O was used for the preparation of NTs on Ti foil. The Pt and Ti were used as counter and working electrodes respectively. The first anodization step was done for 30 minutes under 60 V potential and 25 °C temperature. To obtain a highly ordered TiO₂ NTs, the first layer of NTs was peeled off the foil via sonication of the sample in DI water for 10 minutes. The second anodization step was performed in a new electrolyte solution at different times to get the desired NTs with different heights from approximately 3 to 20 μm. To attain the TiO₂ NTs in anatase phase, an annealing process of anodized samples was carried out in 450 °C for 2 h.

Zare A., Behaein S., Moradi M, & Hosseini Z. (2022). Application of a dual functional blocking layer for improvement of the responsivity in a self-powered UV photodetector based on TiO2 nanotubes. RSC Advances, 12(16), 9909-9916.

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Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

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We purchased titanium foil (thickness 0.25 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis), from Sigma Aldrich Trading Co. Ltd, USA. Few-layer graphene (FLG) platelets were from Ji Cang Nano Technology Co. Ltd., China. PDMS (poly(dimethylsiloxane), SYLGARD 184), was obtained from Dow Corning, USA, and hexane (≥97.0%), was from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd., China. For the synthesis of Fe₃O₄, we purchased Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O (99.0%) from Energy Chemical, FeSO₄·7H₂O (99.0%) from Kelong Chemical, and ammonia solution (25–28%) from Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd, China. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by the methods as reported previously.^{43 (link)}

Wu M., An R., Yadav S.K, & Jiang X. (2019). Graphene tailored by Fe3O4 nanoparticles: low-adhesive and durable superhydrophobic coatings. RSC Advances, 9(28), 16235-16245.

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Functionalized Titanium Foil for Biosensing

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Titanium foil with a chemical purity of 99.7%, ammonium fluoride with chemical purity ≥98%, phosphate buffered saline (0.01 M PBS, pH 7.4), ethylene glycol (assay 99.8%), gold (III) chloride hydrate HAuCl₄∙3H₂O (assay 99.995%), gold nanoparticles (10 nm stabilized suspension in 0.1 mM PBS), bovine serum albumin (BSA, purity ≥ 98%), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All of the solutions were prepared from Milli-Q water.

Paradowska E., Arkusz K, & Pijanowska D.G. (2020). Comparison of Gold Nanoparticles Deposition Methods and Their Influence on Electrochemical and Adsorption Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes. Materials, 13(19), 4269.

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Synthesis of Titanium-Gold Nanocomposites

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Titanium foil (99.7% purity) and HAuCl₄ (99.995%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA) Supply. H₂SO₄ (96%), HCl (35–38%), nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO₄·6H₂O, >98%), sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O, >99.5%), and NaOH (98.8%) were purchased from Chempur Company (Karlsruhe, Germany). Ultra-pure water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm⁻¹ was used for preparing the solutions. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used directly without further purification.

Barua S., Balčiūnaitė A., Vaičiūnienė J., Tamašauskaitė-Tamašiūnaitė L, & Norkus E. (2022). Three-Dimensional Au(NiMo)/Ti Catalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Materials, 15(22), 7901.

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Fabrication of AHMT-Based Photocatalyst

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AHMT was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA) and was used without further purification. Titanium foil and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). FA (40%) was purchased from Liaoning Quanrui Reagent Co., Ltd. Hydrofluoric acid, ammonium fluoride, and ethylene glycol (analytical reagents) were purchased from Aladdin Company and were used without further purification. The water used in the experiment was ultrapure water, and the ethanol used was anhydrous ethanol.

Zhu T., Wang H., Zang L., Jin S., Guo S., Park E., Mao Z, & Jung Y.M. (2020). Flexible and Reusable Ag Coated TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Highly Sensitive SERS Detection of Formaldehyde. Molecules, 25(5), 1199.

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Titanium Nanotube Fabrication and Modification

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Titanium foil (thickness 0.127 mm, 99.7% purity) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich was used as substrate material. Isopropanol, acetone and methanol (p.a., POCh) were used for cleaning Ti foil surface. NH₄F (p.a.) and ethylene glycol (99.0%, p.a.) purchased from POCh were the components of electrolyte used for TiO₂ nanotubes preparation. CuSO₄·5H₂O, Ag₂SO₄, Bi₂O₃ (p.a., FLUKA) were used as precursors of metals used for surface modification of the synthesized titania nanotubes. Isopropanol and ethanol (p.a. Sigma-Aldrich) were used as metal precursors’ solvents. Phenol (≥99%, Sigma-Aldrich) was used as model organic water contaminant. Na₂SO₄ (99.5%) used for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical measurements was purchased from POCh Avantor. All the reagents were used without further purification. Deionized water was used as solvent.

Nischk M., Mazierski P., Wei Z., Siuzdak K., Kouame N.A., Kowalska E., Remita H, & Zaleska-Medynska A. (2016). Enhanced photocatalytic, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 nanotubes arrays modified with Cu, AgCu and Bi nanoparticles obtained via radiolytic reduction. Applied Surface Science, 387, 89-102.

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Titanium Foil Corrosion Analysis

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All the materials, such as titanium foil (foil, thickness of 0.25 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis), hydrochloric acid (HCl, ACS reagent, 37%), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, pellets, semiconductor grade, 99.99% trace metals basis) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

Choi M., Lee J.H., Jang Y.J., Kim D., Lee J.S., Jang H.M, & Yong K. (2016). Hydrogen-doped Brookite TiO2 Nanobullets Array as a Novel Photoanode for Efficient Solar Water Splitting. Scientific Reports, 6, 36099.

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Anodization of Titanium Thin Films

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Anodization was carried out on the basis of EG electrolytes (purity >99%; Sigma-Aldrich) with 0.3 wt % NH₄F (powder, purity >98%; Sigma-Aldrich) to the solution. To stabilize the solution, it was stirred at room temperature for at least 3 days to completely dissolve NH₄F with a magnetic bar. Then, to further increase stability, the solution was saturated to the equilibrium state by anodizing thick titanium foil (0.127 mm, purity 99.7%; Sigma-Aldrich) for 6 hours instead of the target sample immediately. After that, actual anodization experiments using 40-nm-thick Ti film deposited on the heavily doped silicon (<0.005 ohm·cm) were conducted using two electrodes by applying a constant voltage range from 5 to 15 V by dc power supply (Maynuo Electronic, M8811). Ti film was suspended with a metal tong and connected with the anode and the platinum rod (counter electrode) with the cathode, respectively. The temperature was also controlled strictly at 20°C by using a 500-ml jacketed beaker connected to the chiller (Huber Minichiller 600).

Choi S.H., Park S.O., Seo S, & Choi S. (2022). Reliable multilevel memristive neuromorphic devices based on amorphous matrix via quasi-1D filament confinement and buffer layer. Science Advances, 8(3), eabj7866.

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Bioactive Titanium Coating for Antimicrobial Osteoblast Culture

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The materials and reagents used in this study are from Sigma unless otherwise noted: Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), fetal bovine serum, trypan blue, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), propidium iodide (PI), acetone, absolute ethanol, 25% glutaraldehyde, titanium foil (purity: 99.7%; 0.25 mm in thickness), dopamine hydrochloride, glutaraldehyde (25%), and chitosan with low molecular weight (75–85% deacetylated; viscosity: 20–300 cP, 1 wt.% in 1% acetic acid at 25°C; the molecular weight is approximately 50,000–190,000 daltons based on viscosity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Osteoblast-like cells, SaOS-2 (ATCC HTB-85) and S. aureus (ATCC 6538) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), non-essential amino acids, and antibiotics were purchased from Fisher Scientific.

Foss B.L., Ghimire N., Tang R., Sun Y, & Deng Y. (2015). Bacteria and Osteoblast Adhesion to Chitosan Immobilized Titanium Surface: A Race for the Surface. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces, 134, 370-376.

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