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7 protocols using ndp view2 viewing software u12388 01

1

Cortical Thickness Measurement in Brain

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Three points (dorsal, lateral, and ventral) from each brain and hemisphere were selected for cortical thickness35 (link). The most rostral section measured was located at ∼2.10 mm anterior to bregma and the most caudal section at ∼−0.46 mm posterior to bregma. For each point, a vector was considered from the tangent of the outer edge to the inner edge of the cortex. The NDP.view2 viewing software U-12388-01 (Hamamatsu, Japan) was used to record up to six measurements of cortical thickness from each coronal section, three from each hemisphere. Cortical thickness in the present experiment was a mean measure of both hemispheres in seven consecutive slices.
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2

Tissue Collection and Immunohistochemical Analysis

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Approximately 3-4 mm2 pieces of tissue were collected at the same sites sampled for gene expression analysis and tissues were immediately embedded in OCT (Optimal cutting temperature compound) and stored in sealed containers at -80°C. Tissue sections (8 μm) were cut for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, acid fast staining, and immunohistochemical staining at the Plateforme d’histologie et microscopie électronique, Faculté de médecine, Université de Sherbrooke.
For immunohistochemistry, the primary antibodies were polyclonal rabbit anti-human CD3 (clone A0452, 1:400 dilution) (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark), anti-bovine CD11c mAb (clone BAQ153A, 1:50 dilution)] (Kingfisher Biotech, Saint Paul, MN, USA), mouse anti-bovine CD172a mAb (clone CC149, 1:500 dilution) (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Mississauga, ON, Canada), mouse anti-Ki67 (clone MIB-1, 1:50 dilution) (Agilent Technologies, Mississauga, ON, Canada), and a purified mouse IgG1 isotype control (product code MG100, 1:50 dilution) (Life Technologies, by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Mississauga, ON, Canada). Histological images of the stained tissues were acquired using a slide scanner (NanoZoomer Digital Pathology, Hamamatsu Photonics, Boston, MA, USA) followed by viewing with NDP.view2 viewing software U12388-01 (Hamamatsu Photonics, Boston, MA, USA).
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3

Photodynamic Therapy in Wistar Rats

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HP, aHP, and PBS were intraperitoneally injected into Wistar rats after depilation of the back skin at a porphyrin concentration of 2 mg kg−1. Twenty-four hours after drug injection, the back skin was irradiated with ultraviolet A (UVA) at 385 nm at 10 J cm−2. Twenty-four hours after UVA irradiation, the skin on the back was collected under anesthesia with isoflurane. The tissues were then fixed in 10% formalin buffer solution at pH 7.4, and tissue cross-sections were histologically observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The images were scanned using a digital slide scanner (NanoZoomer S210, Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu, Japan), and the hydrogel layer area was quantified using the NDP.view2 Viewing software U12388-01 (Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu, Japan).
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of SALL4, GLI1, Caspase-3, and Ki67

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For IHC analysis, tissues were fixed and the slides were stained as reported in [47 (link)]. Briefly, tissues were first fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin (FFPE) and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with anti-SALL4, anti-GLI1, -cleaved Caspase-3 or -Ki67 antibodies. The next day, the slides were incubated for 20 min with secondary antibodies coupled with peroxidase (Dako), which is then detected by the diaminobenzidine (DAB) solution (ScyTek Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA) and the EnVision FLEX Substrate buffer containing peroxide (Dako, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Cell quantification was performed on stained sections with NIS-Elements BR 4.00.05 (Nikon Instruments Europe B.V., Florence, Italy) imaging software. Stained slides were scanned using the NanoZoomer S60 Digital slide scanner C13210-01 (Hamamatsu Photo- nics). Scanned images were viewed and captured with Hamamatsu Photonics’s image viewer software (NDP.view2 Viewing software U12388-01) at indicated magnifications.
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5

Bile Duct Anastomosis Tissue Analysis

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The isolated specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and processed into paraffin-embedded sections. The site of anastomosis was easily detected by the suture thread. Bile duct specimens were prepared at three locations: the anastomotic site, the 2-mm oral side, and the 2-mm caudal side. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's trichrome using conventional methods. The length and area of sections were calculated using NDP.view2 Viewing software U12388-01 (Hamamatsu Photonics, Shizuoka, Japan). The specimen with the PKH26-labeled ADSC sheet was sectioned and frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen. The frozen tissue was mounted using O.C.T. compound (Sakura Tissue-Tek, Tokyo, Japan). After cutting the tissue into 4-μm-thick sections and mounting on coverslips, the sections were examined under a fluorescence microscope.
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6

Quantitative Tumor Tissue Analysis

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The tissue specimens were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formalin for at least 48 h and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections were cut from paraffin blocks and stained with hematoxylin-eosin-saffron (HES). Only the slides that were qualitatively appropriate were subsequently analyzed. Stained sections were then digitized with a slide scanner (NanoZoomer 2.0 HT; Hamamatsu, Hamamatsu City, Japan) at magnification ×20. The surface of viable tumor was assessed on each digitized section using the NDP view2 U12388-01 viewing software (Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu City, Japan) and expressed as the percentage of the total tumor surface.
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7

Immunohistochemical Cytokeratin Quantification

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The slides were incubated with mouse IgG1anti-human cytokeratin monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone AE1/AE3, Dako), diluted at 1/50 and then with a HRP horse anti-mouse IgG Ab (Vector Laboratories, Burlingham, CA, US) for 30 min at room temperature. Revelation was performed with 3'3-diaminobenzidine substrate. Stained sections were then digitized with a slide scanner (NanoZoomer 2.0 HT; Hamamatsu, Hamamatsu City, Japan) at magnification ×20. The surface of cytokeratin staining was assessed on each digitized section using the NDP view2 U12388-01 viewing software (Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu City, Japan). Surface of metastasis was expressed as percentage of stained area from the total LN area.
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