Ar 310a

All subjects underwent a refractive error examination without pupil dilation using autorefraction (NIDEK, AR-310A, Japan). SE was calculated as the sum of the spherical power and half of the cylinder power [20 (link)]. All the eyes of the subjects also underwent a thorough ophthalmic evaluation, including intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated ophthalmoscopy fundus examination, and color fundus photographs (Canon, Retinal Camera CR-DGi, Japan). B-scanning was also performed. AL measurements were taken using partial optical coherence interferometry (IOL-Master; Carl Zeiss Meditec, La Jolla, CA, USA). All the repeat measurements used the median for the analysis. Demographic data on each subject’s age and sex were collected.

The following were performed before the OCT scanning: (1) evaluation of refractive error without pupil dilation by optometry (AR-310A, NIDEK, Japan); (2) axial length measurement by IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany); (3) intraocular pressure measurement by noncontact tonometer (TX-20, Canon, Japan); (4) color fundus photography (retinal camera CR-DGi, Canon, Japan); (5) ultrasonography of the eye ball to exclude posterior staphyloma (B-scan CineScan, Quantel Medical, France); and (6) careful examination of the peripheral retina by a senior retinal specialist (Fenghua Wang) using an indirect ophthalmoscope to exclude peripheral degeneration, retinal tear, or retinal detachment.

This cross-sectional study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines. All of the participants gave written informed consent. The study was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn (registration number ChiCTR2100043611, accessed on 1 March 2021).
We recruited 138 patients from Tongji Hospital from March 2021 to December 2021. The inclusion criteria were: (1) age between 18 and 30 years old; (2) best-corrected visual acuity more than 0.8; (3) spherical equivalent (SE) less than –6.00 D; (4) normal intraocular pressure; (5) clear refractive medium; (6) no history of previous ocular surgery; (7) no ocular diseases other than high myopia.
All participants underwent detailed ocular examinations, including intraocular pressure assessment (IOP) (NT-510, NIDEK Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), refractive error assessment (AR-310A, NIDEK, Tokyo, Japan), slit-lamp biomicroscopy (BP900, Haag-Streit International, Köniz, Switzerland), indirect ophthalmoscope (YZ6H, 66Vision.Tech, Suzhou. China), and axial length (AL) (AL-scan, NIDEK Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated as the sphere value plus half the cylindrical power.