Rd 545

Anthropometric measurements were taken by a trained investigator in the morning, after at least 8 h of fasting, immediately before gait analysis. Body height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a commercially available stadiometer (Leicester Height Measure, Invicta Plastics Ltd., Oadby, UK) with participants walking barefoot, shoulders relaxed, arms hanging freely and head in the horizontal Frankfort plane. Participants were weighed barefoot and in light clothing to the nearest 0.1 kg using a TANITA RD-545 (“RD-545-Connected smart scale | Tanita Official Store,” n.d.). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as follows: Weight (kg) by height squared (m²). Waist circumference (WC) was measured with a flexible, nonstretch SECA measuring tape to an accuracy of 1 mm on a horizontal plane after exhalation at a point equidistant from the lowest mobile rib and the upper edge of the iliac crest.

On the morning of blood collection, all participants underwent anthropometric measurements, after fasting for at least 8 h, by one trained investigator. A commercial stadiometer (Leicester Height Measure, Invicta Plastics Ltd., Oadby, UK) was used to measure height to the nearest 0.1 cm; height was measured with the participants barefoot, their shoulders in a relaxed position, their arms hanging freely, and their heads in the Frankfort horizontal plane. Weight was measured with the participants barefoot and in light clothing to the nearest 0.1 kg using a TANITA RD-545 (“RD-545-Connected smart scale|Tanita Official Store”, n.d.). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the current weight and height, as weight (kg) by height squared (m²). The waist circumference (WC) was measured with a SECA flexible, inextensible measuring tape, with an accuracy of 1 mm, on a horizontal plane, after exhalation, at a point equidistant from the lowest floating rib and the upper border of the iliac crest.

Anthropometric measurements were made on all participants in the morning, after fasting for at least 8 h, by one trained investigator. Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a commercial stadiometer (Leicester Height Measure, Invicta Plastics Ltd, Oadby, UK) with the participants barefoot, their shoulders in a relaxed position, their arms hanging freely and their heads in the Frankfort horizontal plane. The waist circumference (WC) was measured with a SECA flexible, inextensible measuring tape with an accuracy of 1 mm, on a horizontal plane, after exhalation, at a point equidistant from the lowest floating rib and the upper border of the iliac crest. The participants were weighed barefoot and in light clothing to the nearest 0.1 kg by using a TANITA RD-545 [19 ]. TANITA RD-545 is equipped with a Biometric Impedance Analysis system (BIA), providing information on fat and muscle mass for the overall body composition and separately for arms, legs, and truck, BMI [weight (kg) by height squared (m2)], body water, basal metabolic rate (BMR), metabolic age, visceral fat, muscle mass, muscle quality score, percentage of body fat (% BF) and physical rating.