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9 protocols using cy3 conjugated anti hrp

1

Larval Neuromuscular Junction Analysis

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Third instar wandering larvae were dissected, fixed, antibody stained, imaged and analysed as described previously (West et al., 2015 (link)). All NMJ analysis was performed double-blind. Primary antibodies used were Cy3-Conjugated anti-HRP (Goat, 1:200, Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs Cat# 123–165-021, RRID:AB_2338959), anti-synaptotagmin (Rabbit, 1:2000, Syt-91, RRID:AB_2713991, (West et al., 2015 (link))) anti-polyubiquitinated proteins (Mouse, 1:2000, FK2, Enzo Life Sciences Cat# BML-PW8810–0500, RRID:AB_2051891), anti-RAB4 (Rabbit 1:100, Abcam Cat# ab78970, RRID:AB_2042753), anti-RAB5 (Rabbit, 1:500, Abcam Cat# ab31261, RRID:AB_882240) and anti-Spinster (Guinea Pig, 1:1000, RRID:AB_2833057, (Sweeney and Davis, 2002 (link))). Drosophila motor-neurons were labelled using GFP-tagged even-skipped (eve). Confocal microscopy was performed using a Zeiss LSM 880 on an Axio Observer.Z1 invert confocal microscope (Zeiss). Z-stacked projections of NMJs and VNCs were obtained using a Plan Neofluar 40×/0.75 NA oil objective. NMJ lengths were measured from stacked NMJ images using the NeuronJ plugin for ImageJ (National Institutes of Health) as described previously (West et al., 2015 (link); West et al., 2018 (link)).
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2

Neuromuscular Junction Analysis in Aging Flies

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For neuromuscular junction (NMJ) analysis, ventral abdominal body-wall muscle preparations were dissected in Ca2+ free saline from 3, 7, 15, 20 and 30-day old adult males [37 (link)]. For assessing Aβ synaptotoxicity, we selected the ventral abdominal NMJ in the third abdominal hemisegment (Fig 1A). Samples were fixed in 4% formaldehyde in PBS, and immunostained with monoclonal antibody nc82 (anti-Bruchpilot 1:20, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank) visualized with α-mouse Alexa-488 (1:500, Invitrogen) and with Cy3-conjugated anti-HRP (1:200, Jackson Immuno Research). Anti-HRP signal reveals neuronal membranes, delimitating the motor neuron terminals. Bruchpilot is a CAST (CD3E-associated protein) homolog localized to the presynaptic specialization [38 (link)], and thus that was used to reveal active zones in the motor neuron terminal. Each Aβ-expressing genotype was processed simultaneously with its respective age-matched controls, to control for quantitative differences due to culture conditions.
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3

Immunostaining of Drosophila Neural Tissues

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Primary fly neurons and fibroblasts were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in 0.05 M phosphate buffer (PB; pH 7–7.2) for 30 min at room temperature (RT); for anti-Eb1 staining, ice-cold +TIP fix (90% methanol, 3% formaldehyde, 5 mM sodium carbonate, pH 9; stored at −80°C and added to the cells; Rogers et al., 2002 (link)) was added for 10 mins. Adult brains were dissected out of their head cases in PBS and fixed with 4% PFA in PBS for 1 hr, followed by a 1 hr wash in PBT.
Antibody staining and washes were performed with PBT. Staining reagents: anti-tubulin (RRID:AB_477593, clone DM1A, mouse, 1:1000, Sigma; alternatively, RRID:AB_2210391, clone YL1/2, rat, 1:500, Millipore Bioscience Research Reagents); anti-DmEb1 (gift from H. Ohkura; rabbit, 1:2000; Elliott et al., 2005 (link)); anti-Elav (mouse, 1:1000, DSHB, RRID:AB_528218); anti-GFP (ab6673, goat, 1:500, Abcam, RRID:AB_305643); Cy3-conjugated anti-HRP (goat, 1:100, Jackson ImmunoResearch); F-actin was stained with Phalloidin conjugated with TRITC/Alexa647, FITC or Atto647N (1:100 or 1:500; Invitrogen and Sigma). Specimens were embedded in ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant.
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4

Immunofluorescence Staining of Drosophila and C2C12 Cells

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Dissected Drosophila tissues or C2C12 cells grown on coverslips were rinsed in PBS (Lonza 17-512F) and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma P6148) for 20 min at room temperature. Following fixation, the samples were washed four times (×10 min) in PBS and blocked with blocking buffer: 5% normal goat serum (NGS; Abcam AB7681) in PBS with 0.1% TritonX-100 (PBST). The samples were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4 °C, washed four times (x10 min) with 0.1% PBST, incubated with secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature followed by 0.1% PBST washes. Samples were mounted onto slides using either ProLong® Gold Antifade mounting reagent (Invitrogen P36930) or Fluoroshield (Sigma F6057).
Primary and secondary antibodies were prepared in blocking buffer.
Primary antibodies: Cy3-conjugated anti-HRP (1:100, Jackson ImmunoResearch 123-165-021); Rabbit anti-FLAG (1:500, Sigma F7425); Mouse anti-hnRNPM 2A6 (1:100; Santa Cruz sc-20001); Rabbit anti-MATR3 (1:500; Abcam ab151714)
Secondary antibodies: Goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 (1:1000; Invitrogen A11008); Goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 546 (1:1000; Invitrogen A11030)
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5

Quantitative Analysis of Larval NMJ Structure

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Third instar wandering larvae were dissected, fixed, antibody stained, imaged and analyzed as described previously [49 (link), 50 (link)]. All NMJ analysis was performed double-blind. Primary antibodies used were Cy3-Conjugated anti-HRP (Goat, 1:200, Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs Cat# 123-165-021, RRID:AB_2338959) and, anti-synaptotagmin (Rabbit, 1:2000, Syt-91, RRID:AB_271399). Secondary antibodies used were anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) Alexa Fluor 488 (1:1000, RRID:AB_2576217, goat). NMJs were imaged for quantification using an EVOS M5000 microscope. NMJ images shown were imaged using a Leica SP5 confocal microscope. NMJ bouton number and muscle surface area was quantified manually using images in ImageJ. Bouton number and length were normalized to muscle surface area. NMJ lengths were measured from stacked NMJ images using the NeuronJ plugin for ImageJ as described previously [49 (link), 50 (link)].
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6

Immunolabeling of Drosophila Larval Synaptic Proteins

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Third-instar larvae were dissected and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (except Bouin’s fixative was used for GluRIIA staining). Fixed samples were washed with 0.1% triton X-100 in PBS (PBST) then blocked with 5% normal goat serum (NGS) in PBST. Primary antibodies used to label dissected larvae were diluted in blocking solution and used as following: rabbit anti-p-Synj, 1:200030 (link); guinea-pig anti-Endo(GP69), 1:20040 (link), guinea-pig anti-Dap160, 1:100033 (link); rabbit anti-synaptotagmin, 1:100069 (link), rabbit anti-Mnb, 1:400; rabbit anti-Synj-1, 1:200; mouse anti-dynamin, 1:200 (BD Transduction Laboratories); Cy3 conjugated anti-HRP, 1:100 (Jackson ImmunoResearch); mouse anti-bruchpilot (NC82), 1:10; mouse anti-GluRIIA, 1:50 and mouse anti-Dlg (4F3), 1:500 (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank). Secondary antibodies used were Alexa-488, 555 or 405 conjugated, 1:250 (Invitrogen).
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7

Embryonic Neuronal Protein Localization

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GAL4 lines were crossed to UAS-tau-myc-GFP or UAS-GAP-myc-GFP and embryos raised at 27 °C. Immunohistochemistry was performed on late stage embryos and L1 larvae as described (Callahan and Thomas, 1994 (link); Hughes and Thomas, 2007 (link)). The following primary antibodies used were used: monoclonal anti-GFP 3E10, rabbit polyclonal anti-GFP (Life Technologies), anti-Eve (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank), Cy3-conjugated anti-HRP (Jackson Immuno Research).
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8

Immunolabeling of Drosophila Larval Synaptic Proteins

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Third-instar larvae were dissected and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (except Bouin’s fixative was used for GluRIIA staining). Fixed samples were washed with 0.1% triton X-100 in PBS (PBST) then blocked with 5% normal goat serum (NGS) in PBST. Primary antibodies used to label dissected larvae were diluted in blocking solution and used as following: rabbit anti-p-Synj, 1:200030 (link); guinea-pig anti-Endo(GP69), 1:20040 (link), guinea-pig anti-Dap160, 1:100033 (link); rabbit anti-synaptotagmin, 1:100069 (link), rabbit anti-Mnb, 1:400; rabbit anti-Synj-1, 1:200; mouse anti-dynamin, 1:200 (BD Transduction Laboratories); Cy3 conjugated anti-HRP, 1:100 (Jackson ImmunoResearch); mouse anti-bruchpilot (NC82), 1:10; mouse anti-GluRIIA, 1:50 and mouse anti-Dlg (4F3), 1:500 (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank). Secondary antibodies used were Alexa-488, 555 or 405 conjugated, 1:250 (Invitrogen).
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Fly Proteins

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The antibodies used here were rabbit anti-β actin (ab8227; Abcam), mouse anti-GFP (11 814 460 001; Roche), rabbit anti-Rab7 (Tanaka and Nakamura, 2008 (link)), rabbit anti-Arl8 (Hofmann and Munro, 2006 (link)), Cy3-conjugated anti-HRP (123-165-021; Jackson ImmunoResearch, Ely, UK), rabbit anti-Syt (West et al., 2015 (link)), mouse anti-BRP [nc82; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB)], mouse anti-Notch extracellular domain (C458.2H; DSHB). Information on validation of the antibodies is available from the commercial source or the indicated publication. Primary antibodies were detected by secondary antibodies conjugated with Alexa fluorochromes (Thermo Fisher Scientific) or with HRP (DAKO).
Whole flies, larvae or the indicated dissected fly tissues were lysed in equivalent amounts of SDS sample buffer and insoluble debris was removed by brief centrifugation. S2 cells growing in plates were dissolved directly in SDS sample buffer. Protein extracts were separated in 4–20% Tris-Glycine gels (Invitrogen), transferred to PVDF membranes and probed with primary and HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies, detected by chemiluminescence (ECL; GE Healthcare).
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