Nude nu nu female mice

10⁶ cells were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of 5-week-old nude (nu/nu) female mice (Janvier). Bioluminescence was quantified using the In Vivo Imaging System (Perkin Elmer) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Tumor volume (v = × l² × 0.52) was determined with a caliper. A linear relationship exists between values for bioluminescence and the tumor volume. This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Our experiments were approved by the “Direction de l'Action Sanitaire et Sociale (DASS)” of the Principality of Monaco and the ethic committee of our Institute.

This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). All efforts were made to minimize suffering. Our experiments were approved by the “Comité national institutionnel d'éthique pour l'animal de laboratoire (CIEPAL)”. The project is registered under the reference: NCE/2013-97. The mice were housed under strict pathogen-free conditions and given sterile food and water. Animals were housed 5 per cage. 10⁷ cells were injected subcutaneously into the flank of 5-week-old nude (nu/nu) female mice (Janvier, France) under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. The tumor volume was determined by using a caliper (v = L×l²×0.52 [18] (link)). When the tumor reached 100 mm3, mice were treated by daily gavage for fifteen days with placebo (dextrose-water vehicle), sunitinib (40 mg/kg) [19] (link) or sorafenib (80 mg/kg) [20] (link). The ratio between the size of the tumor before and at the end of treatment for each tumor was measured.

10⁶ CAL33 and CAL33RR cells were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of 5-week-old nude (nu/nu) female mice (Janvier, France). Tumor volume was determined with a caliper (v = L*l²*0.5). When the tumor reached 80 mm³, mice were treated five times a week for 4 weeks by gavage with onvansertib (60 mg/kg), and once a week for 4 weeks with cisplatin (4 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally. This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Our experiments were approved by the ''Comité national institutionnel d'éthique pour l'animal de laboratoire (CIEPAL)'' (reference: 2018102510495275 - PEA 535).