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13 protocols using cytexpert software v 2

1

Annexin V-APC Apoptosis Assay

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Cell apoptosis analysis was performed to detect the percentage of early and late apoptotic cells using the Annexin V-APC apoptosis analysis kit (cat. no. AO2001-11A-G; Tianjin Sungene Biotech Co., Ltd.) were used to measure the apoptotic-inducing ability of IFN-γ. In total, ~4x105 cells were seeded on a 6-well plate, cultured at 37˚C overnight, treated with complete medium containing 0 and 100 ng/ml IFN-γ at 37˚C for 48 h and digested with 0.25% trypsin without EDTA to terminate digestion. Cells were subsequently collected, washed twice with PBS and centrifuged at 300 x g for 3 min at 37˚C. A total of 500 µl binding buffer was added and cells were resuspended. Following the addition of 5 µl APC, 5 µl 7-AAD was added to the mix and left to react at room temperature for 5 min in the dark. A CytoFLEX flow cytometer and CytExpert software v2.3 (Beckman Coulter, Inc.) were used for apoptosis analysis. All experiments were repeated three times.
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2

Splenic and Lymph Node Cell Isolation

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Single-cell suspensions of splenic and inguinal nodes were prepared by perfusing mice with PBS, followed by staining with various antibodies and analyzing using flow cytometry on FACS caliber (Beckman). The eFluor 506 dye (eBioscience) was utilized to exclude dead cells. The stained cells were run on a flow cytometer (Beckman) using the CytExpert software v. 2.3 (Beckman) and then analyzed by FlowJo software (v. 10, TreeStar).
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3

Flow Cytometry Data Analysis

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Flow cytometric data were analyzed using CytExpert Software v.2.3, Kaluza™ software v.1.5a (Beckman Coulter, USA) and FlowJo software 10.0.8 (Three Star Inc., Ashland, OR, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using Origin 8 (Origin labs, MS, USA) and GraphPad Prism 4 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA). In mouse study, n represents the number of animals within one group of treatment. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. The data are presented as mean ± SEM.
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.
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4

Flow Cytometry of Cell Surface Markers

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Flow cytometry was performed as described previously [41 (link)] with some modifications. A human Fc receptor-binding inhibitor polyclonal antibody (50-112-9053, Fisher Scientific) was used as a blocking agent prior to adding the primary antibodies in all B cell surface-labeling experiments. Rabbit anti-human prostasin sera or pre-immune rabbit sera [7 (link)] and the matriptase antibody (A6135, ABclonal Technology, Woburn, MA, USA) were used as the primary antibodies at 1:100 dilution. A goat anti-rabbit IgG-cyanine-Cy™3 (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., West Grove, PA, USA) was used as the secondary antibody at 1:200 dilution. The labeled cells (10,000) were analyzed using a CytoFLEX S flow cytometer with the laser configuration of V2B2Y3R2, operated by CytExpert software v2.3 (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). The data were analyzed with FlowJo™ software v10.8.1.
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5

Mitigating Oxidative Stress in Yeast Cells

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Production of intracellular reactive oxygen was determined with Dihydroethidium. Yeast cell viability was detected with Sytox Green Dead Cell Stain [69 (link)]. To mitigate oxidative stress induced by HBx expression, the cells were preincubated for 1 h with 250 nM SkQThy, a mitochondria-targeted (transported primarily, if not exclusively, in mitochondria) very efficient antioxidant, consisting of lipophilic cation triphenylphosphonium bonded by a C 10 aliphatic chain with an antioxidant thymoquinone (Thy) having versatile healing abilities [62 (link)]. Stained cells were analyzed by flow cytometry with a CytoFlex S flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). The data obtained for 20,000 cells were stored and analyzed on a logarithmic scale using CytExpert software v2.4 (Beckman Coulter, USA).
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6

Isolation and Characterization of B Cell Subsets

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Mononuclear cells from different tissues were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation followed by positive selection of CD19-expressing cells by magnetic cell separation (Miltenyi Biotec).
B lymphocytes were either analyzed on a CytoFLEX S flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter) using the CytExpert software V2.4 (Beckman Coulter) or FlowJo Software V10.6.2, or sort-purified on a FACSAriaFusion cell sorter or FACSAriaIII cell sorter (BD Biosciences) equipped with BD FACSDiva software (BD Biosciences). For IGHV gene rearrangement analysis by high-throughput sequencing, the B cell subsets were sorted according to the following phenotypes: MBCs from PB were sorted as PB-MD27 (CD20+IgM+IgD+CD27+CD23CD21+) or PB-CSW (CD20+IgG+/IgA+CD27+CD23CD21+) B cells. Splenic B cell populations were sorted as sMZ (CD20+IgM+IgD+/−CD27+CD23CD21high), sMZ-CSW (CD20+IgG+/IgA+CD27+CD23CD21high), sMD27 (CD20+IgM+IgD+/lowCD27+CD23CD21+), and sCSW (CD20+IgG+/IgA+CD27+CD23CD21+) B cells. For in vitro functional assays, B cell subsets were sorted according to the following phenotypes: PB-Naive and sNaive B cells were sorted for functional validations (CD20+IgMlowIgDhighCD27CD23+CD5CD21+), PB-MD27 and sMD27 (CD20+IgM+IgD+/−CD27+CD23CD21+), PB-CSW and sCSW (CD20+IgMIgDCD27+CD23CD21+), sMZ (CD20+IgM+IgD+/−CD27+CD23CD21high), and sMZ-CSW (CD20+IgMIgDCD27+CD23CD21high).
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7

Labeling and Flow Cytometry of Extracellular Vesicles

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The isolated EVs were labeled with CellTrace™Violet (Cat. No. C34557, Thermo Fisher Scientific). The labeling procedure was performed as suggested by the manufacturer. Briefly, the isolated EVs were incubated with the CellTrace reagent at a final concentration of 5 µM for 20 min at 37°C. The mixture was diluted with PBS or the FACS buffer and subjected to flow cytometry analysis.
Flow cytometry was performed using a CytoFLEX S Flow Cytometer with the laser configuration of V2B2Y3R2 and operated by the CytExpert Software v2.2 (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA). The violet side scatter (VSSC) detector configuration was set for the detection of EVs [30 (link)].
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8

Quantifying Bacterial Gene Expression

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For expression quantification assays, fluorescence was measured with a Spark microplate reader (Tecan). Green fluorescence from GFP was analysed using excitation at 485±20 nm and emission at 530±20 nm and blue fluorescence from mTagBFP2 using excitation at 399±20 nm and emission at 454±20 nm. Cultures were performed directly within the microplate reader at 37 °C with orbital shaking (175 rpm) using black 96-well plates with clear bottoms in which wells were filled with 200 µl of LB supplemented with vitamin B12 (150 nM) and/or EA at indicated concentrations. OD600nm and fluorescence signals were recorded every 20 minutes.
Fluorescence quantification was also performed by flow cytometry (Cytoflex, Beckman Coulter). FSC (forward scatter), SSC (side scatter), FITC (488 nm exciter, 525±20 nm emitter) and PB450 (405 nm exciter, 450±22 nm emitter) axes were set to log display. For sample analysis, the following gating strategy was applied: bacterial cells were gated based on a FSC and SSC plot, and then analysed for BFP signal. A new gate covering BFP + cells, which correspond to bacterial cells of our reporter strain was selected and then analysed for GFP signal. At least 10,000 events of BFP + cells were recorded for each sample and data were analysed with CytExpert software v2.2 (Beckman Coulter) or with Floreada tool (https://floreada.io).
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9

Monocyte Subset Analysis by Flow Cytometry

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PBMCs were stained for viability (Zombie Yellow, BioLegend, San Diego, CA) [23 (link)]. Anti-Fc receptor and True-stain Monocyte Blocker (BioLegend) were used to reduce nonspecific antibody and fluorophore binding before cells were labeled with antibodies. Non-monocytic cells were excluded with a “dump” channel containing CD3, CD19, CD20, CD56, and CD66b. Staining with CD14 and CD16 identified the two major human monocytic subsets. The antibodies used for IL-4 and chemokine receptor identification are listed in Table 2. Stained cells were acquired with a CytoFLEX flow cytometer (Beckman-Coulter, Brea, CA), courtesy of the Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Flow Cytometry Core. CytEXPERT software v.2.0 (Beckman-Coulter) was used for analysis, and isotype control antibody-labeled cells were used to set negative gates. Data are reported as the change in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the different receptors (MFI target – MFI isotype).
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10

Immune Cell Profiling by Flow Cytometry

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Isolated cells and the live/dead marker Fixable Viability Stain 780 (BD Biosciences; 1 µl stain for 1 ml of cell suspension at 1–10×106 cells/ml) were mixed and incubated in the dark for 10 min at room temperature. Subsequently, the cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); after centrifugation (336 × g, 5 min, 4°C), the supernatant was discarded. The cells were stained with anti-human CD45-BB515 HI30 (cat. no. 564585), anti-human CD4-APC-H7 RPA-T4 (cat. no. 560158), anti-human CD8-APC-H7 SK1 (cat. no. 560179), anti-human CD14-APC-H7 M5E2 (cat. no. 561384), anti-human CD19-APC-H7 HIB19 (cat. no. 560727), anti-human CD34-APC 581 (cat. no. 555824), anti-human CD117-BV421 104D2 (cat. no. 563856) and anti-human FcεR1α-PE AER-37 (cat. no. 566607) (all 1:100; all from BD Biosciences) antibodies at room temperature for 30 min in the dark. After washing with PBS, cells were examined on a CytoFLEX S flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, Inc.). The number of CD45+ cells/sample (at least 500,000 events) was analysed using CytExpert software v. 2.0 (Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
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