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7 protocols using δ9 thc

1

Quantitative Analysis of Cannabinoids

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Commercially available standards (purity >98%) for cannabichromene (CBC), cannabicyclol (CBL), CBD, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabinol (CBN), delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-8-THC), Δ-9-THC, THCA, and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) were obtained from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). Additionally, deuterated internal standards (purity >98%) (IS) delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-D3 (Δ-9-THC-D3) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ-9-THC-D9 (11-nor-9-COOH-Δ-9-THC-D9) were also obtained from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). LC-MS grade water, methanol, and formic acid were sourced from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Commercially available hops, Humulus lupulus, were obtained from BioKoma (Old Mill Creek, IL, USA).
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2

Certified Cannabinoid Standards Quantification

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Certified reference materials for CBDA, CBD, THCA, Δ9-THC, Δ8-THC, CBN, CBC, CBG, CBGA, cannabidivarin (CBDV), and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) in 1.0 mg/mL concentrations were obtained from Cerilliant Corporation (Round Rock, Texas). Bulk quantities of Δ9-THC in ethanol (100 mg/mL) and THCA, CBN, CBD, and CBDA in crystalline powder form were obtained from Lipomed, Inc (Cambridge, MA). Epidiolex was provided by Greenwich Biosciences (Carlsbad, CA). HPLC-grade ethyl alcohol, LC/MS grade-water, LC/MS-grade acetonitrile, and LC/MS-grade acetic acid were purchased from Millipore-Sigma (Billerica, MA). For quantification of toxic elements, multi-element stock solutions were obtained from Inorganic Ventures (Christiansburg, VA). Nitric acid (HNO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) used for elemental analysis were double-distilled Optima grade purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ).
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3

Quantification of Cannabinoids and Polyamines

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Deuterated water (D2O) 99.97 atom% of deuterium and 3-(trimethylsilyl)-propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt (TSP) were purchased from Euriso-Top (Saclay, France). HPLC-PDA chemical standards, n-hexadecane, HIS, SPM, SPD, PUT, (β-PEA), CAD, TYM and 1,7-diaminoheptane were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Methanol (HPLC-grade), chloroform (HPLC-grade), ethanol (analytical-grade), perchloric acid (70%), acetone (analytical-grade), acetonitrile (HPLC-grade) were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagenti (Milan, Italy). Double-distilled water was obtained using a Millipore Milli-Q Plus water treatment system (Millipore Bedford Corp., Bedford, MA, USA). Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3; 99.999% purity), Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, tannic acid (Ph. Eur. purity) and aluminium chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3 × 6 H2O; Ph. Eur. purity) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Cannabinoids reference standards in methanol CBDV (1 mg/mL), CBG (1 mg/mL), CBD (1 mg/mL), CBN (1 mg/mL), (–)-Δ9-THC (0.1 mg/mL) and CBC (1 mg/mL) with purity ≥99%, were purchased from Cerilliant Corporation (Round Rock, TX, USA). For mobile phase, gradient grade water (H2O) and acetonitrile (ACN) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) as well as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and analytical grade ethanol used for the extraction procedure. All solvents were further filtered on a 0.2 μm filter.
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4

Optimized Quantification of Cannabinoids

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Optima-grade ammonium formate, formic acid, and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hanover Park, IL, USA). Ultrapure Type 1 water was generated in-house as needed from a Millipore Direct-Q3 system. Certified reference materials for a quality assurance test mix containing amitriptyline, diazepam, fluoxetine, methadone, nicotine, nordiazepam, norfluoxetine, nortriptyline, paroxetine, and trazodone were acquired from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA), as were CBD, CBD-d3, Δ9-THC, Δ9-THC-d3, cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinol (CBN), and CBN-d3. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid Δ9-THCA-A), Δ8-THC, and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).
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5

Quantitative Analysis of Cannabinoids

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Reference standards (Δ9-THC, 11-OH-THC, CBD, and cannabinol [CBN]) and isotopically labeled internal standards (THC-d3, 11-OH-THC-d3, CBD-d3, CBN-d3) were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX). BondElut® certify (Varian, Lake Forest, CA) C-18 cartridges were used for solid-phase extraction. HPLC grade water, 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (ACN), and methanol (MeOH) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Reagent grade ammonium formate and pure sodium hydroxide pellets were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
We followed the Wei et al saponification-solid-phase extraction method for sample clean up and extraction with minor modifications.15 (link)Chromatographic separation was achieved on reverse-phase C-18 column (MAC-MOD Ace 5 C-18, 15cm · 2.1mm). The mobile phase consisted of 5 mM ammonium formate in 0.05% formic acid (Solvent A) and ACN in 0.1% formic acid (Solvent B). A gradient elution was performed over 15 minutes at a flow rate of 200 μL/min. Retention times for 11-OH-THC, CBD, THC were 9.35, 10.62, and 11.70 minutes in positive ion mode, respectively. Quantitation of THC, 11-OH-THC, and CBD and isotopically labeled internal standards was achieved on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (API-4000, AB Sciex) in positive ion mode. CBN and CBN-d3 were detected in negative ion mode.
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6

Cannabinoid Standards for LC-MS Analysis

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Commercially available standards for delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8THC) (100 μg/mL), Δ9THC (100 μg/mL), 11-OH-THC (100 μg/mL), 11-COOH-THC (100 μg/mL), and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-d3 (Δ9THC-d3) [(100 μg/mL); internal standard (IS)] stock solutions were obtained from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, United States). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) grade water, methanol, and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, United States).
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7

Cannabinoid Standards Procurement and Characterization

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Cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), CBG, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), CBD, Δ9tetrahydrocannabinoic acid (THCA), and Δ9-THC were purchased from Cerilliant (Cerilliant Corporation, Round Rock, TX). Cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), and Δ8-THC were purchased from Restek (Bellefonte, PA). All cannabinoid standards are CRM standards, at 1000 μg/mL in methanol.
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