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6 protocols using platinum quantitative pcr supermix udg w rox

1

Quantitative 16S rRNA Gene Assay

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We used a broad-coverage 16S qPCR assay developed by Liu and coworkers (Liu et al., 2012 (link)) to quantify the bacteria in samples. DNA yields from samples were quantified fluorometrically and 0.2 ng of template DNA was added to each 10 μl reaction containing 1.8 μM forward and reverse primer, 225 nM TaqMan® probe, 1× Platinum Quantitative PCR SuperMix-UDG w/ROX (InvitrogenTM) and molecular grade water. Each assay included a series of standards and a negative control (no DNA template). All assays were done in triplicate. Cycling parameters were: 3 min at 50°C for treatment with uracil-N glycosylase (UNG), 10 min at 95°C for Taq activation, 15 s at 95°C (denaturation), 1 min 60°C (annealing) and extension for 40 cycles. PCR amplification and real-time detection of fluorescence were performed using ABI 7900HT Real Time PCR system with StepOne Plus software (Applied BiosystemsTM).
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2

Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis of Mouse Brains

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Mice brains were dissected and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent. RNA pellets were resuspended in diethylpyrocarbonate-treated water and RNA concentration was measured using a Nanodrop2000c spectrometer (Thermo Scientific). RNA was DNase treated (DNase I, amplification grade, Invitrogen) and then reverse-transcribed using the Superscript III First-Strand Synthesis System (Invitrogen). Relative quantification of gene expression was performed using Taq Manprobes and an ABI Prism 7000 Sequence Detection System. Platinum Quantitative PCR Super Mix-UDG w/ROX (Invitrogen) was used with the following primers and probes: App F-primer, (5’–3’) CCAAGAGGTCTACCCTGAACTGC; App R-primer, (5’–3’) AGGCAACGGTAAGGAATCACG; Actβ F-primer (5’–3’) GTGACGTTGACATCCGTAAAGA; Actβ R-primer (5’–3’) GTAACAGTCCGCCTAGAAGCAC; Slc12a5 F-primer (5’–3’) GGGCAGAGAGTACGATGGC; Slc12a5 R-primer (5’–3’) TGGGGTAGGTTGGTGTAGTTG. Assay efficiencies were experimentally determined using a five-point dilution series of cDNA spanning a 100-fold range in concentration. 0.025 µg cDNA template was used per reaction. Statistical analysis was performed on 2-∆∆Ct values.
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3

Quantifying Gene Expression by qRT-PCR in CRC Cells

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For qRT-PCR analysis [28 (link)], total RNA was isolated from CRC cells using TRIZOL reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) and purified using the RNeasy mini kit including DNase (QIAGEN) according to the manufacturer's instructions (Figure S1). cDNA synthesis was performed using Superscript reagents (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Quantitative real-time PCR was accomplished with SYBR green incorporation (Platinum Quantitative PCR SuperMix-UDG w/ROX; Invitrogen) using an ABI7900HT (Applied Biosystems), and the data were analyzed using SDS 2.3 software (Applied Biosystems). Results were normalized to those obtained with GAPDH, and data are presented as fold induction/repression over parental cells. Details of primers used are shown in Table S1. All assays were performed in triplicate at least three times.
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4

Quantification of Gene Expression in Pupal Heads

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Pupal heads (84 h APF) were dissected in Jan’s saline (1.8mM Ca2+) and immediately frozen on dry ice. Total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent. RNA pellets were resuspended in diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) treated water and RNA concentration was measured using a Nanodrop 2000c spectrometer (Thermo Scientific). RNA was DNase treated (DNase I, Amplification Grade, Invitrogen) and then reverse-transcribed using Superscript III First-Strand Synthesis System (Invitrogen).
Relative quantification of gene expression was performed using TaqMan probes and an ABI Prism 7000 Sequence Detection System. Platinum Quantitative PCR SuperMix-UDG w/ROX (Invitrogen) was used with the following primers and probes: gat F-primer, GGTTTGCTCCGTATCTGCTCTT; gat R-primer, GAGATTGGAAATATTCGCTGGG; gat-probe, 6FAM-TTTGGGAGCGGCGAGCTCTTCA-BHQ1; Rpl32 F-primer, GGCCCAAGATCGTGAAGAAG; Rpl32 R-primer, TAAGCTGTCGCACAAATGGC; Rpl32 probe, 6FAM-AGCACTTCATCCGCCACCAGTCG-BHQ1. Assay efficiencies were experimentally determined using a 5-point dilution series of cDNA spanning a 100-fold range in concentration (gat, 101%; Rpl32, 95%). 0.025 µg cDNA template was used per reaction. Statistical analysis was performed on 2−ΔCt values.
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5

Quantifying Bacterial Abundance and Composition

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Total bacterial abundance (16S rRNA copies/µL) and the inferred concentrations of specific bacterial taxa (16S rRNA copies/µL) were performed as previously described76 (link). Standards from 1e7 to 10 copies and a no-template control were run in triplicate across all plates. Samples, primers, and probes were used with SsoAdvanced Universal Probes Supermix (Bio-Rad) or Platinum Quantitative PCR SuperMix-UDG w/ROX (Invitrogen) kits and run on a StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). All samples were assayed in duplicate and were discarded if the Ct standard deviation was flagged as high or the Ct values were outside of the standard curve. Four samples had less than 100 total 16S rRNA copies and were not used in downstream analyses. Inferred concentrations of individual bacterial taxa were determined using Eq. 1: ICx=RAbx×Abtotal Where ICx is the inferred concentration of taxon x, RAbx is the relative abundance of taxon x, and Abtotal is the total bacterial abundance.
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6

Quantitative RNA Expression Analysis

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Total RNA was prepared with the Trizol protocol (cat. 15596026; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), RNA was treated with DNase, and reverse transcription was performed with the High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit, according to the manufacturer’s instruction (cat. 4368814; Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA). qRT-PCR reactions were performed, as previously described, using the Universal Probe Library system (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and Platinum Quantitative PCR SuperMix-UDG w/ROX (cat. 11743500; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Probes and oligonucleotide sequences used are reported in the Table S1. The 18S rRNA predeveloped TaqMan assay (cat. 4319413; Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA) was used as an internal control. PCR protocol is 50°C for a 2-min hold, 95°C for a 2-min hold, and 40 cycles of 95°C, 15 s; 60°C, 30 s.
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