Model no 708

Body weight was measured in light underwear on a calibrated scale (model no. 708; Seca, Hamburg, Germany), and height was measured with a calibrated stadiometer (model no. 206; Seca, Hamburg, Germany). BMI was calculated from height and weight (kg/m²). Participants were categorized according to their BMI into normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m²), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) [22 ]. Detailed body composition (body fat (% and kg), lean mass (kg), and appendicular skeletal muscle (kg)) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA) with Hologic QDR-2000 plus®, Hologic Inc., Waltham, MA, USA.

Body weight was measured on a calibrated scale (model no. 708, Seca, Hamburg, Germany) and height was measured with a calibrated stadiometer (model no. 206; Seca, Hamburg, Germany). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the recorded height and weight. Waist circumference was measured halfway between the top of the lateral iliac crest and the lowest rib. Body fat% was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (Body Fat Monitor BF 306, Omron Healthcare UK Ltd, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom).

Body weight was measured in light underwear/clothing on a calibrated scale (model no. 708, Seca, Hamburg, Germany) and height was taken from the Icelandic electronic hospital registry SAGA (TM software 3.1.39.9). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the height and weight (kg/m²). Participants were categorized into three BMI categories: low BMI < 23 kg/m², middle BMI 23–30 kg/m², or high BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² [24 ]. Body composition was measured using a hand-held bioelectrical impedance analysis device (BIA, Omron HBF-306C, Kyoto, Japan) [25 (link)]. Calf circumference was measured in a seated position. The tape was wrapped around the right calf and moved up and down to locate the maximum circumference in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the calf [26 (link)]. Midarm circumference was also measured in a seated position and was taken on the left upper arm, at the mid-point between the tip of the shoulder and the tip of the elbow (olecranon process and the acromion) [27 (link)].