Spss program 22

The elasticity of both the optimum novasomes and traditional niosomal formulation was determined using the extrusion method.16 (link) The formulations were properly diluted (5 folds) before extrusion through a nylon filter of a 220 nm (Jinteng Experiment Equipment Co., Ltd, China)17 (link),18 (link) at a constant pressure of 2.5 bar (Haug Kompressoren AG; Büchi Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland). The outcomes were expressed as average value ± SD, n = 3. DI was calculated using the equation below:19 (link)
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$${\rm{DI }} = {\rm{ J}}{\left. {\left({{\ }{{{\rm{rv}}} \over {{\rm{rp}}}}} \right.} \right)^2}$$
\end{document}where J = weight of sample extruded in 10 min, rv = size of the vesicle after extrusion in nm, and rp = the barrier pore size in nm. Statistical analysis was computed by Student’s t-test utilizing SPSS^® program 22.0 (USA). The difference at P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

The optimum SPs formulation was stored for 90 days at 25°C and 4°C. Samples were taken from fresh SPs, after 45 days and after 90 days. The storage effect was evaluated by the comparison between the first and the after storage results in respect of EE%, VS, PDI and ZP.18 (link) Student’s t-test was used to analyze the results statistically using SPSS^® program 22.0 (USA). A significant difference was considered at P ≤ 0.05.

All statistical comparisons were made with the IBM SPSS program 22.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). Results are presented as frequencies and percentages. Differences between the groups in categorical variables were assessed using Pearson’s Chi-Squared test and in continuous variables with an independent samples’ t-test. P-value of 0.05 was set as the limit for statistical significance.

Sample size analysis: Assuming higher levels in open surgery compared to laparoscopic techniques and based on a prediction of an approximate 15% increase in suPAR (3.7 ng/ml to 4.2 ng/ml), 19 patients per group were calculated when the a was 0.5 with a power of 90% (G*Power 3.1). Considering a possible 5% drop-out, a minimum of 40 patients were planned to be enrolled in the study.
The SPSS 22 program was used in the analysis of the data collected within the scope of the research (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Shapiro-Wilk test values were examined to determine the conformity of the data with a normal distribution. Parametric analyses were used for data with a normal distribution, and nonparametric analyses were used for data without a normal distribution. The independent samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare quantitative (numerical) data between the groups, while χ² analysis was used to compare qualitative (categorical) data between the groups. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare suPAR measurements of the groups before and after the operation. The Spearman test, which is a nonparametric test, was used to evaluate the correlation between CPR and suPAR within the group. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.