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13 protocols using advantage a10 system

1

Synthesis of Anatase-Rutile TiO2

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MC of high purity was purchased from Alfa Aesar. GO (>99%) was bought from ACS Material. H3BO3 (>99.5%), (NH4)2TiF6 (>99.9%) and ethanol (>99.8%) were acquired from Sigma. TiO2 was acquired from Evonik (so-called P25), which contains 77.1% anatase, 15.9% rutile and 7% of amorphous TiO2. Milli-Q water was attained from an Advantage A10 system (Millipore).
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2

Isotopic Peptide Quantification Method

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Deionized water was produced by a Millipore Advantage A10 system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Chloral hydrate was ordered from KeLong Chemical (Chengdu, China), 90% ethanol (HPLC grade) from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA), sequencing-grade trypsin from Promega (Madison, WI, USA), ammonium formate from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA), and HPLC-grade acetonitrile (CH3CN) from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA). Isotopically-labeled peptide with 99.8% purity: APGLTQALNTK (13C6, 15N2), and unlabeled peptide with the same sequence with 99.0% purity: APGLTQALNTK, were synthesized by GenScript (Nanjing, China).
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Polystyrene Colloids

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Various polystyrene cores of different sizes and functional groups were purchased from Polysciences. The following nominal and actual diameters listed are those reported by the manufacturer. Spherical colloidal polystyrene with carboxylate (PS-COOH) modified surfaces of 50 nm (actual 45 ± 6.2 nm) diameters, 2.6% in water; 100 nm (actual: 85 ± 6.7 nm) diameters, 2.62% in water; and 200 nm (actual: 190 ± 6.5 nm) diameters, 2.65% in water were obtained. Polystyrene with amine (PS-NH2) modified surfaces of 200 nm (actual: 230 nm ±16.1) diameter, 2.5 % in water; sulfate (PSSO4) modified surfaces of 200 nm (actual: 194 ± 9 nm) diameter, 2.65% in water; and hydroxyl (PS-OH) modified surfaces of 200 nm diameter (actual: 190 ± 16.1 nm), 2.6% in water were also purchased. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 29.79%) was purchased from Fisher Scientific. Dimethylformamide (DMF) was purchased from Macron Chemicals. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, 98%) and anhydrous isopropanol (IPA) was purchased from Sigma. Deionized water used in all experiments was produced using a Millipore Advantage A10 system with a resistance of 18.2 MΩ.
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4

Mass Spectrometry Sample Preparation

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Chloral hydrate was purchased from KeLong Chemical (Chengdu, China). Deionized water was purified by a Millipore Advantage A10 system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). An amount of 90% ethanol (HPLC grade) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA). Sequencing grade trypsin was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Ammonium formate was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA). HPLC grade acetonitrile (CH3CN) was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA). Isotopically labeled peptide with 99.8% purity: APGLTQALNTK (13C6, 15N2), and unlabeled peptide with the same sequence with 99.0% purity: APGLTQALNTK, were purchased from GenScript (Nanjing, China).
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5

Synthesis of Gold-Coated Polystyrene Nanoparticles

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Carboxylate modified polystyrene (PS-COOH) spheres (100 nm 2.7% in water) were purchased from PolySciences. Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride(THPC, 80% in water) sodium hydroxide(NaOH,10M), and chloroauric acid trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O 99.9%) were purchased from Aldrich. Potassium carbonate (K2CO3), formaldehyde (37%) and ammonium hydroxide (NH3OH, 29.79%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Anhydrous Ethyl alcohol (EtOH) was purchased from JT Baker. (3-Aminoethylamino)propyl-trimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS), anhydrous isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), O-(2-Mercaptoethyl)-O′-methylpolyethylene glycol (10 kDa, mPEG-SH) was purchased from Sigma. Deionized (DI) water used in samples was produced using a Millipore Advantage A10 system with a resistance of 18.2 MΩ. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 1x) was purchased from Corning.
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6

Synthetic Peptides and Lipids for Spectroscopy

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Peptides SS-31, SS-20, SPN4, and SPN10 were prepared by solid-phase synthesis as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) salts by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Burlingame, CA). Powder stocks were reconstituted to a concentration of 10 mM as aqueous solutions and stored at –20°C. Synthetic phospholipids were purchased as chloroform stocks form Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL), including POPC (1-palmitoleoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), DHPC (1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), and TOCL (1´,3´-bis[1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-sn-glycerol). All lipid stocks were stored at –20°C in clear glass vials with teflon-lined cap closures. For analytical spectroscopy, fluorescent probes included 1,8-ANS, di-ANEPPS, and TMRM (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA). For microscopy, fluorescent probes included TMRM and MitoView Green (Biotium, Fremont, CA) and Hoechst 33342 (Novus, Centennial, CO). All solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (Millipore Advantage A10 system; resistivity 18.2 MΩ•cm @ 25 °C; total oxidizable carbon 4 ppb).
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7

Quantification of Fentanyl Analogs in Plasma

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Fentanyl, Fentanyl‐d5 and sufentanil were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, the Netherlands). Cefazolin was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Heidelberg, Germany), doxapram from Selleckchem (Munich, Germany) and keto‐doxapram from Tractus (London, UK). Ammonium acetate was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, the Netherlands). Methanol, acetonitrile and formic acid were purchased from Biosolve BV (Valkenswaard, the Netherlands). All reagents were LC–MS grade, which means at least 99% purity. Water was purified by using a MilliPore Advantage A10 system. Human drug‐free plasma was obtained from the blood donation center (Sanquin, Rotterdam, the Netherlands).
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8

Metabolomic Analysis of Bladder Cancer Cells

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Human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line T24 (HTB-4) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). The cell lines used were prepared as previously described.9 (link) HTB-4 cells were used to compare and accurately assess the effects of FAVL. HTB-4 cells with ectopically expressed FAVL were termed FAVL-high cells; and empty vector-transfected controls cells accordingly were termed FAVL-low cells. For the experiments, cells were trypsinized, one million cells were counted and washed with 1X PBS; cell pellets were frozen at −80°C. Three replicates were prepared for each cell types. Ethanol, pyridine, methoxyamine hydrochloride, C8–C30 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and ammonium acetate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). LC-MS Optima grade mEthanol and acetonitrile, formic acid, N-Methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) with 1% TMCS, and hexane were obtained from Fisher Sci. (Fair Lawn, NJ). The ultra-pure water was produced by Millipore Advantage A10 system with a LC-MS Polisher filter (Billerica, MA).
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9

Metabolomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Cells

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Human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was obtained from the America Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). The cell lines were prepared as previously described [47 (link)]. For the experiments, cells were trypsinized, and one million cells were counted and washed with 1X PBS; cell pellets were frozen at −80 °C. A total of three replicates were prepared for each cell types. Ethanol, pyridine, methoxyamine hydrochloride, C8−C30 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and ammonium acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC−MS) Optima-grade methanol and acetonitrile, formic acid, N-methyl-N-trimethyl –silyl-tri-fluoro-acetamide (MSTFA) with 1% TMCS, and hexane were obtained from Fisher Sci. (Fair Lawn, NJ). The ultrapure water was produced by Millipore Advantage A10 system with an LC−MS Polisher filter (Billerica, MA).
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10

Comprehensive Metabolite Analysis Protocol

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Ethanol, pyridine, methoxyamine hydrochloride, C8–C30 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), and ammonium acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Liquid chromatography (LC)–mass spectrometry (MS) Optima grade mEthanol and acetonitrile, formic acid, N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide with 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), and hexane were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ). The ultrapure water was produced by the Millipore Advantage A10 system with a LC–MS Polisher filter (Billerica, MA). Analytical grade sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and anhydrous sodium sulfate were obtained from JT Baker Co. (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). AA and lipid standards were included in the AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit (Biocrates Life Sciences, Austria). All other standards were commercially purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Nu-Chek Prep (Elysian, MN, USA).
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