Wild type c57bl 6j mice

Eight–10 weeks of age C57BL/6J wild-type mice (Charles River, Saint-Germain-Nuelles, France) were used for experiments. Mice were fasted for 16 h and either killed at 1000 hours or refed a high-sucrose diet (D00041102; Research Diets Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA) for 24 h and killed the next day at 1000 hours. Livers were homogenized in ice-cold lysis buffer and stored at −80 °C until use. C3 knockout mice and ob/ob BTBR mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratory (l'Arbresel, France).

C57BL/6J wild type mice were purchased from Charles River and were bred with chimeric mice to determine germline transmission of the Rax-CreER^T2 targeted locus. The neomycin cassette was removed using FLPeR mice [26] (link) donated by Dr. Jeremy Nathans (Johns Hopkins). The FLPeR was bred out of the mouse line after the neomycin cassette elimination. R26-CAG-lox-stop-lox-TdTom (Ai9) mice were a generous gift from Dr. Xinzhong Dong (Johns Hopkins).

Animal experiments were conducted according to national guidelines and European Community laws and were approved by the Committee for Animal Protection of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research. C57BL/6J wild-type mice were obtained from Charles River (Sulzfeld, Germany). They were housed in groups of up to five mice in single-ventilated cages with a twelve hours light/dark cycle (lights were turned on at 6:30 am) and had access to food and water ad libitum. For immunohistochemistry experiments, 18 mice from postnatal days 5 (n = 2), 10 (n = 2) and 20 (n = 2), 10 to 14 weeks old young adult mice (n = 8), and 10 months (n = 4) old male and female mice were used (see Figs 1–7 and S1 Fig). For qPCR, 10 days old mice (n = 4) were used (S1 Protocol and S2 Fig).

C57BL/6J wild-type mice, OT-I, Rag1-deficient OT-I, and OT-II transgenic mice were obtained from Charles River Laboratories, Janvier and Centre de Distribution, Typage et Archive Animal (CDTA, Orleans, France). NOD.Cg-Prkdc^scidIl2rg^tm1Wjl/SzJ (NOD scid gamma, NSG™) mice were originally purchased from the Jackson Laboratory and bred in our animal facility under specific pathogen-free conditions. Mice were used between 8-12 weeks old and were gender matched within each experiment (both genders were used).
All animal procedures were in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of the Institut Curie Veterinary Department and all mice used were less than six months old.

This study was approved by the University of Aberdeen Ethics Review Board and performed under UK Home Office project license PPL 60/3951. Male C57BL/6J wild-type mice (Charles River, Edinburgh, UK) were singly housed. Mice were exposed to 12-h light/dark cycle at 22–24 °C and had ad libitum access to food and water. Mice were placed on a control diet containing 0.86% methionine (Dyets, Bethlehem, PA, USA) for 2 weeks. Within each age category, mice were randomized by body weight; half were maintained on control diet and half were switched to MR diet containing 0.172% methionine (Dyets). The glutamic acid content of the MR diet was increased to compensate for the reduced methionine content and to create equal amounts of total amino acids in both diets. Mice were maintained on diets for 8 weeks (or 48 h where indicated) and terminal tissues collected after a 5-h fast plus intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with saline (154 mm NaCl) or a low, physiological dose of insulin (0.8 mU g⁻¹ body weight) and sacrificed after 10 min. Tissues were immediately dissected and frozen in liquid nitrogen after cervical dislocation. In the short-term study, mice were maintained on MR and control diets for 48 h and terminal tissues collected in the same way, with the only difference being in the dosage of insulin (10 mU g⁻¹ body weight).

C57BL/6J wild-type mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Ecully, France). The Rosa26-loxP-Stop-loxP-DTA C57BL/6J $\left(R_{26}^{DTA/DTA}\text{\hspace{0.17em}or\hspace{0.17em}}{R}_{26}^{DTA/+}\right)$ mice (9 (link)) were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory through Charles River Laboratories. Il4^fl/fl C57BL/6J mice were previously described (11 (link)). For all experiments, WT, Mcpt8^CT/CT, Mcpt8^CT/+, Mcpt8^CT/+ x Il4^fl/fl, Il4^fl/fl, $R_{26}^{DTA/DTA}$ , and $Mcpt{8}^{CT/+}\times R_{26}^{DTA/+}$ mice were used on a C57BL/6J, C57BL/6N, or C57BL/6JxN mixed background.
For phenotyping experiments, mice from both sexes in equal proportions were used between 8 and 15 weeks of age. For pristane-induced lupus-like (PIL) disease experiments, 8-week-old female mice of the indicated genotype received a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 µl of pristane (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Gibco) as a control and were sacrificed 8 weeks later. Mice were maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions in our animal facilities. The study was conducted in accordance with the French and European guidelines and approved by the local ethics committee, comité d’éthique Paris Nord N°121 and the Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur, de la recherche et de l’innovation under the authorization number APAFIS#14115.