D glucosamine hydrochloride

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Spain

D-glucosamine hydrochloride is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water and is typically used in various applications in the field of biochemistry and cell biology.

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Lab products found in correlation

Close spelling variants of this product

Glucosamine (52 citations) D-glucosamine (20 citations) Glucosamine hydrochloride (17 citations) Hydrochlorides (2 citations) Glucose-2 (2GF)(D-(+)-Glucosamine hydrochloride, (2 citations)

36 protocols using d glucosamine hydrochloride

Extraction and Analysis of Himalayan Plant Polysaccharides

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Roots of Mirabilis himalaica (Edgew) heim were purchased from Qinghai Tibetan hospital in Qinghai (batch number: 20161023; Xining, Qinghai province, China). Dextran standards (5800, 11 800, 47 300, 100 000, 380 000, and 788 000 Da) were acquired from Pharmacia Biotech (Uppsala, Sweden). Standard monosaccharides (glucose, d-glucosamine hydrochloride, mannose, rhamnose, ribose, galactose, fucose, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, d-galactosamine hydrochloride, xylose, fructose, arabinose, guluronic acid, mannuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid) were purchased from Sigma chemical. Dialysis membranes (size 36, MW_CO = 8–14 kDa) were purchased from Wako. Acetic acid, acetic anhydride, sodium borohydride, chloroform, NaOH powder, DMSO, iodomethane, formic acid, methanol, trifluoroacetic acid were all analytical reagents.

Bo S., Dan M., Han W., Ochir S., Bao L., Liu L., Muschin T, & Baigude H. (2022). Physicochemical properties, immunostimulatory and antioxidant activities of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Mirabilis himalaica (Edgew) Heim. RSC Advances, 12(27), 17264-17275.

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Microbial Substrate Procurement and Reagent Acquisition

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All chemicals were purchased from AppliChem GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany), except citrus pectin, galacturonic acid, polygalacturonic acid sodium salt, and D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany). Microbial substrates like wheat bran, sugar beet pulp pellets, and molasses were obtained from local suppliers (Bremer Rolandmühle Erling GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany; Nordzucker AG, Uelzen, Germany; Golden Sweet, Meckenheim, Germany). Restriction enzymes, T4 DNA polymerase, and T4 DNA ligase were purchased from New England Biolabs (Frankfurt am Main, Germany). Oligoprimers and DNA sequencing services were ordered from Eurofins (Ebersberg, Germany).

Mora-Lugo R., Madrigal M., Yelemane V, & Fernandez-Lahore M. (2015). Improved biomass and protein production in solid-state cultures of an Aspergillus sojae strain harboring the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99(22), 9699-9708.

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Characterization of Carbonyl Modifications

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Myoglobin from equine skeletal muscle (95–100% purity, lyophilized powder), N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (≥99% purity), D-glucose (≥99.5% purity), D-glucosamine hydrochloride (≥99% purity), potassium phosphate monobasic and dibasic, sodium azide, HPLC-grade solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid), glucosone (2-keto-D-glucose; ≥98.0% purity; M_W 178.14 Da), glyoxal (ethanedial; 40% in H₂O; M_W 58.04 Da), methylglyoxal (2-oxopropanal; 40% in H₂O; M_W 72.06 Da), diacetyl (butane-2,3-dione; ≥95.0% purity; M_W 86.09 Da), 1,2-diaminobenzene, DTPA and Thioflavin T were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 3-deoxyglucosone (3-Deoxy-D-erythro-hexosulose; ≥95% purity; M_W 162.14 Da) was obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). SPE tC-18 Sep-Pak Vac 6 cc columns were obtained from Waters (Milford, MA). Filtration membranes (0.22 μm) were from Millipore (Billerica, MA). 3,5 dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (sinapinic acid), ProMix3 (mass spectrometry protein standards) were obtained from LaserBiolabs. Standard ion calibration solution (Pierce LTQ) for electrospray ionization in positive mode was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA). Milli-Q purified distilled water for buffers and reagents preparations were purchased from Waters Millipore (Milford, MA, USA). All the reagents and chemicals used in the study were of analytical grade.

Hrynets Y., Ndagijimana M, & Betti M. (2015). Rapid Myoglobin Aggregation through Glucosamine-Induced α-Dicarbonyl Formation. PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0139022.

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Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticle Synthesis

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GdCl₃∙6H₂O (99.9%), NaOH (>99.9%), triethylene glycol (TEG) (99%), PAA (Mn = ~1800 Da), D-glucosamine-hydrochloride (>99%), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (98%), 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) (97%), and dialysis tube [molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) = ~2000 Da] were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA and used as received. Ethanol (>99%) was purchased from Duksan, South Korea, and used as received for the initial washing of the nanoparticles. Triple-distilled water was used for the final washing of the nanoparticles and the preparation of nanoparticle solution samples.

Liu S., Yue H., Ho S.L., Kim S., Park J.A., Tegafaw T., Ahmad M.Y., Kim S., Saidi A.K., Zhao D., Liu Y., Nam S.W., Chae K.S., Chang Y, & Lee G.H. (2022). Enhanced Tumor Imaging Using Glucosamine-Conjugated Polyacrylic Acid-Coated Ultrasmall Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), 1792.

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Silk-Glucosamine Conjugation for Biomaterials

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The carboxylic acids of as prepared silk solutions of different MW distribution (157 and 79 kDa) (Asp and Glu residues) were conjugated with amines of D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) by carbodiimide coupling in presence of EDC and NHS. Briefly, 2 wt% of the silk solution was dissolved in 0.1M MES buffer at pH 6. D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride (10X) was weighed and pre-dissolved in Ultrapure™ distilled water (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) and added to the silk solution. The pH was adjusted to 6 by dropwise addition of 1M NaOH. EDC (10X) and NHS (10X) were added to the reaction mixture at pH 6. Ultrapure™ distilled water was added to the reaction to maintain the final MES buffer concentration to 0.05M. The reaction was stirred at RT for 18h. After 18h, the reaction mixture was filtered in a sterile cell strainer with 40 μm mesh size (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL) to remove any aggregates before starting dialysis against DI water for 72h (water changes at 1h, 2h, 4h, 24h, 48h, and 72h). The dialysis was performed with a dialysis tube (3,500 MWCO, Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL). After dialysis, the solutions were frozen at −80 °C overnight followed by lyophilizing for 72h. The lyophilized powders were stored at 4 °C until further use.

Sahoo J.K., Hasturk O., Choi J., Montero M.M., Descoteaux M.L., Laubach I.A, & Kaplan D.L. (2021). Sugar functionalization of silks with pathway-controlled substitution and properties. Advanced biology, 5(7), e2100388.

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Silk-Glucosamine Conjugation Protocol

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The prepared tyrosine carboxylated silk solutions (SF(Y)-COOH) were conjugated with amines of D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) by carbodiimide coupling in the presence of EDC and NHS. Briefly, 2 wt% of the silk solution was dissolved in 0.1M MES buffer at pH 6. D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride (10X) was weighed and pre-dissolved in ultrapure water (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) and added to the silk solution. The pH was adjusted to 6 by dropwise addition of 1M NaOH. EDC (10X) and NHS (10X) were added to the reaction mixture at pH 6. ultrapure water was added to the reaction to maintain the final MES buffer concentration to 0.05M. The reaction was stirred at RT for 18h. The aggregates were filtered after the reaction, in a sterile cell strainer with 40 μm mesh size (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL) before starting dialysis against DI water for 72h (water changes at 1h, 2h, 4h, 24h, 48h, 72h). The dialysis was performed with a dialysis tube (3,500 MWCO, Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL). After dialysis, the solutions were frozen at −80 °C overnight followed by lyophilizing for 72h. The lyophilized powders were stored at 4 °C until further use.

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Propagation and Isolation of P. falciparum Gametocytes

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P. falciparum strain NF54 was maintained in RPMI [7.4] supplemented with 10% human serum and 5% haematocrit using standard culturing technique^{87 (link)}. NF54/iGP2 strain was additionally supplemented with 2.5 mM D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride (Sigma #1514) for maintenance. For induction, parasites were synchronized with 5% sorbitol^{88 (link)} and glucosamine was omitted from the medium for 48 h. From day 4–8 gametocyte cultures were treated with 50 mM N-acetylglucosamine (Sigma #A6525) to eliminate ABS parasites^{89 (link)}. For WT-NF54 gametocyte induction the same procedure was followed except that instead of glucosamine induction, parasites were overgrown for 5 days with only medium exchanges every 48 h prior to N-acetylglucosamine treatment. At day 14 after induction, gametocytes were magnet-purified according to the procedure described previously^{90 (link)}. ABS parasites were not further enriched prior to processing. Infected red blood cells were freed from host material through 10 min incubation in 10× pellet volume of 0.05% (w/v) saponin in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) and subsequent centrifugation at 3000 × g for 5 min. The parasite pellet was washed twice with PBS and the dry pellet was flash frozen and stored at −80 °C.

Evers F., Cabrera-Orefice A., Elurbe D.M., Kea-te Lindert M., Boltryk S.D., Voss T.S., Huynen M.A., Brandt U, & Kooij T.W. (2021). Composition and stage dynamics of mitochondrial complexes in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature Communications, 12, 3820.

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Analyzing Mouse Pre-B Cell Metabolism

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The Abelson virus-transformed mouse pre-B cell line PD36 [4 (link)] and the human myelogenous leukemia cell line, a monocytic THP-1 (ATCC, TIB-202), were maintained at 37 °C in RPMI1640 media supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS; Corning) and 1× Antibiotic-Antimycotic (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, 15240112 ) in an atmosphere of 5% CO₂ saturated with water. In the case of PD36, L-glutamine (2 mM), nonessential amino acids (0.1 mM), sodium pyruvate (1 mM), and 2-mercaptoethanol (50 μM) were additionally provided in the culture media. For the cell culture in glucose-depleted media, PD36 pre-B cells were firstly seeded in 0 or 10 mM glucose-containing media supplemented with 1% FBS and 1 mM sodium pyruvate [30 (link)] and incubated for 24 h. Then, cells in glucose-depleted media were re-seeded with 0, 5, or 10 mM glucose or 1 mM glucosamine and incubated for 48 h. The reagents used were: OSMI-1 (Cayman, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 21894), Thiamet G (Sigma-Aldrich, SML0244), dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, 276855), D-(+)-Glucosamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, G4875), Glucose-free RPMI1640 (ThermoFisher Scientific, 11879020), glucose solution (ThermoFisher Scientific, A2494001), and 10058-F4 (Sigma-Aldrich, F3680)

Lee D.H., Kwon N.E., Lee W.J., Lee M.S., Kim D.J., Kim J.H, & Park S.K. (2020). Increased O-GlcNAcylation of c-Myc Promotes Pre-B Cell Proliferation. Cells, 9(1), 158.

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Multifunctional Polymeric Biomaterials

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1,4-Butanediol diacrylate (BDA) (90%, Sigma
Aldrich), 5-amino-1-pentanol (AP) (95%, Sigma Aldrich), 5-norbornene-2-methylamine
(mixture of isomers, TCL), d-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride
(Sigma Aldrich), methacryloyl chloride (97%, Sigma Aldrich, contains
200 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as a stabilizer), potassium
carbonate (Alfa Aesar),HEMA (Sigma Aldrich), 4-cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]pentanoic
acid (97%, HPLC, Sigma Aldrich), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (98%,
Sigma Aldrich), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) (Sigma Aldrich), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (Merck), triethyl amine (Et₃N) (Sigma Aldrich), and all other chemicals were of analytical
grade, obtained from commercial suppliers, and used without further
purification unless otherwise specified. Tetrazine amine (Tz-NH₂) was synthesized according to our previous study.^{58 (link)}

Sahkulubey Kahveci E.L., Kahveci M.U., Celebi A., Avsar T, & Derman S. (2022). Glycopolymer and Poly(β-amino ester)-Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymer as a Drug Carrier. Biomacromolecules, 23(11), 4896-4908.

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Fabrication of Carbohydrate-Based Thin Films

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First, 25 mg (or 50, 100, 150 mg, depending on the specific recipes) of d-(+)-glucose (Merck) was dissolved in 500 µl of H₂O. We spin-coated the solution onto the absorber layer at 70 r.p.s. to obtain a homogeneous material layer. By replacing d-glucose with d-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride (99%, Sigma), d-galactose (Carbosynth) or N-acetylglucosamine (99%, Sigma), material layers with other precursors were obtained.

Zhang J., Liu Y., Njel C., Ronneberger S., Tarakina N.V, & Loeffler F.F. (2023). An all-in-one nanoprinting approach for the synthesis of a nanofilm library for unclonable anti-counterfeiting applications. Nature Nanotechnology, 18(9), 1027-1035.

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