Ca 2 and mg 2 free phosphate buffered saline cmf pbs

Bovine aortic endothelial cells and bovine aortic smooth muscle cells were purchased from Cell Applications (San Diego, CA, USA). Human fetal lung fibroblastic IMR-90 and porcine kidney epithelial LLC-PK1 cells were obtained from DS Pharma Biomedical (Osaka, Japan). AlamarBlue^® reagent was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and Ca²⁺- and Mg²⁺-free phosphate-buffered saline (CMF-PBS) were obtained from Nissui Pharmaceutical (Tokyo, Japan). Tissue culture dishes and plates were obtained from AGC Techno Glass (Shizuoka, Japan). CytoTox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay kit was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Other reagents of the highest grade available were obtained from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). DPDS was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). DPDTe, DPDSe, p-MeO-DPDTe, p-Cl-DPDTe, p-Me-DPDTe and DPTe were synthesized as previously reported [20 (link),21 (link)]. The CLogP of DPDTe, DPDSe, and DPDS calculated by ChemDraw Professional 19.0 (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) were 3.19, 4.41, and 4.44, respectively.