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8 protocols using cxf96 pcr system

1

Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis

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Total RNA was prepared from the various treated cells using RNAprep Pure Cell Kit (TIANGEN, DP430) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each RNA sample was then reverse transcribed into cDNAs using RevertAid™ First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Scientific, K16225). cDNA and appropriate primers were plated in a 96-well plate and gene expression levels were measured using Universal SYBR Green Fast qPCR Mix (ABclonal, RK21203) with a Bio-Rad CXF96 PCR system (Hercules, CA, USA). Each sample was repeated three times. 2−ΔΔCt method was used to quantify the relative gene expression level, with β-actin as the reference gene. All qRT-PCR Primer sequences are showed in Additional file 1: Table S1.
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2

Quantitative RT-PCR for mRNA and lncRNA

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Total RNA from tissue or cell lines was isolated using TRIzol reagent (Ambion, Life Technologies, USA). The RNA was then reverse transcribed to complementary DNAs (cDNA) by RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Scientific, Lithuania, USA). RT-qPCR was performed using a QuantiNova™ SYBR® Green PCR Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) with a Bio-Rad CXF96 PCR system (Hercules, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. GAPDH was used as reference gene for mRNA and lncRNA detection. Relative mRNA and lncRNA expression was determined by the 2−ΔΔCt method. The qRT-PCR primers were purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). LINC01003: F-5′-TCTCTGCGTCGCTCCTTCTCGC-3′, R-5′-CCTTCCGCGCCAAGTAGTGC-3′; CAV1: F-5′-GACTCGGAGGGACATCT CTACACC-3, R-5′-GTCGTACACTTGCTTCTCGCTCAG-3′.
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3

Comprehensive Gene Expression Analysis

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For the RT–PCR experiment, total RNA from the constructs was isolated with TRIzol (Takara, Tokyo, Japan) and converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) using the PrimeScript RT reagent kit (Takara, Tokyo, Japan). The cDNA was amplified by an RT–PCR system containing SYBR Premix Ex TaqTM and primers (for typical hypoxia, chondrogenic, osteogenic and vascular genes) using a Bio-Rad CXF96 PCR system (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA). The hypoxia genes included HIF-1α and PHD2. The chondrogenic differentiation genes include Col II, Sox 9 and Acan. The osteogenic differentiation genes included TGF-β1, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMP2, RUNX2, OPN, OCN, and Col I. The vascular genes included VEGF, SCF, and PLGF. Primer sequences used in this study were listed in Table S2.
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4

Extracting and Quantifying RNA Expression

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Total RNA from frozen brain tissues and cultured cells were extracted using Trizol reagent (Ambion, life technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) as previously described [19] . cDNA from total RNA was synthesized using RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Scienti c, Vilnius, Lithuania, USA). The gene expression were measured by real-time quantitative PCR utilizing QuantiNova™ SYBR® Green PCR Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) on the CXF96 PCR system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The primer sequences were as follows in Table S1. GAPDH and U6 were served as internal control.
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5

Quantifying Gene Expression in Glioma Cells

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Total RNA was extracted from the brain tissues and glioma cells by using TRIzol reagent (Ambion, life technologies) as previously described.16 Then, the RNA was used to synthesize first strand cDNA with the RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Scientific). RT‐qPCR was conducted using QuantiNova™ SYBR® Green PCR Kit (Qiagen) protocol with Bio‐Rad CXF96 PCR system (Bio‐Rad). Each sample was performed in triplicate and the expression of the target gene was normalized to GAPDH which served as internal control. The relative gene expression was calculated with the comparative cycle threshold (2−ΔΔCt) method. Primer sequences for qPCR: KLHDC8A Forward, TGTGACCCTGGACAACCACT; KLHDC8A Reverse, GTCGAACACGTCCATCGTCC; LDHA Forward, CAG CCCGATTCCGTTACCTAATGG; LDHA Reverse, TCCACTCCATACAGGCAC ACTGG.
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6

Quantitative Analysis of Chondrogenic Markers

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At each time point, total RNA of the homogenized samples was isolated using Trizol and the genomic DNA was removed using Deoxyribonuclease I (Invitrogen) as described [18 ,26 (link)]. 250 ng of the extracted RNA, quantified with a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (ND-1000, ThermoFisher) was converted to cDNA using Promega reverse transcription system (Madison, WI), and the converted cDNA was amplified by RT-qPCR with SYBR green RealMasterMix (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) using Bio-Rad CXF96 PCR system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and the appropriate gene specific primers. Primers for zone specific chondrogenic markers were designed and selected by Primer3 web-based software as we described previously [32 (link)]. The list of primers sequences is provided in reference [18 ]. At each time point, the measured mRNA expression of the target genes was normalized against the reference house-keeping gene GAPDH and fold changes were compared to the expression of the same gene to day zero (encapsulated hMSCs, day zero).
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7

Quantifying Chondrogenic Markers in Zonal Cartilage

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Markers included SOX-9 as master regulator of chondrogenesis,53 (link) SZP as marker for the superficial zone,22 (link) Col II and AGC as ECM components highly expressed in the middle zone,18 (link) and Col X and ALP as markers for cartilage hypertrophy in the calcified zone.3 (link) At each time point, total RNA of the homogenized samples was isolated using Trizol44 (link) and genomic DNA was removed using Deoxyribonuclease I (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer's instructions. After converting RNA (250 ng) using Promega reverse transcription system (Madison, WI), the converted cDNA was amplified by RT-qPCR with SYBR green RealMasterMix (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) using Bio-Rad CXF96 PCR system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and the appropriate gene specific primers. Primers were designed and selected using Primer3 web-based software as described.54 (link) The list of primer sequences are provided in Table 2. Data were analyzed using ΔΔct Real time analysis method.38 (link) mRNA expressions were normalized against GAPDH as a house keeping reference gene and fold changes were compared to those in the same group at day zero.
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8

RNA Extraction and qPCR Analysis Protocol

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TRIzol reagent (Ambion, Life Technologies, CA, USA) was used for total RNA extraction from the tissues or cells according to the manufacturer's protocol described previously [21 (link)]. The RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Scientific, Lithuania, USA) was used for RNA reverse transcription. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed according to the instructions of QuantiNova™ SYBR® Green PCR Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) using the Bio-Rad CXF96 PCR system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The relative gene expression of VPS25 was calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method. GAPDH served as an internal control. The primers were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). VPS25: F-5′-TGGTGCTCGCTGGTCCTGT C-3′, R-5′-GGACTTGCTCTTATCCAACCACTCG-3′. METTL3: F-5′-TCAGCATC GGAACCAGCAAAG-3, R-5′-TCCTGACTGACCTTCTTGCTC-3′. METTL14: F-5′-GTTGGAACATGGATAGCCGC-3, R-5′-CAATGCTGTCGGCACTTTCA-3′. YTHDC1: F-5′-AGGGATCCTGAAAGGAGGGC-3, R-5′-CACTGCTGCCAGTCTC ATGG-3′.
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