Crebh

Chemicals were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless indicated otherwise. Antibodies against phosphorylated JNK, total JNK, phosphorylated IκBα, total IκBα, PPARα, and CREBH were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against GRP78, IRE1a, Xbp1s, β-actin and the secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against FGF21 were purchased from Abcam (Boston, MA, USA). The kit for determining ALT, AST, and FFA were purchased from Abcam. The kit for determining TG, TC, and HDL weaspurchased from Fujifilm Wako Diagnostics USA (Mountain View, CA, USA). The glycogen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was purchased from BioAssay Systems (Hayward, CA, USA). The rabbit insulin ELISA kit was purchased from Crystal Chem (Elk Grove Village, IL, USA). The periodic acids staining kit, Gomori's trichrome staining kit were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA). The assay kits and antibodies information are listed in Table S2.

Proteins were collected from each sample and analyzed according to the methods described previously^{19 (link),28 (link)}. BTG2, CREBH, SHP, pAKT, total AKT, β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), CRBN, pAMPK, AMPK, pS6K, S6K (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), and SESN2 (Protein Tech, Chicago, IL, USA) antibodies were used as described previously^{9 (link),14 (link),19 (link),27 (link)–30 (link)}.