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5 protocols using ktapurifier upc 10

1

Purification of LOTUS and Vasa Proteins

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cDNA fragments of LOTUS domains were obtained by PCR amplification or gene synthesis (GenScript) and subcloned into pET28a (His-tag) vector (Supplementary Table S2). Drosophila Vasa (200–661aa) cDNA was obtained by PCR amplification and were subcloned into pGEX-4t-1 (GST-tag) vector. Plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli (BL21 or Rosetta) and recombinant proteins were induced with 0.2 mM IPTG (Roche) at 18°C overnight. His-tagged proteins were affinity purified with Ni-NTA Agarose Resin (Thermo Scientific). GST-tagged proteins were affinity purified using Glutathione Agarose Resin (Thermo Scientific). Proteins were further purified by gel filtration chromatography with ÄKTApurifier UPC 10 (GE Healthcare). The running buffer for gel filtration chromatography is 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.4) and 100 mM KCl.
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2

HPLC Analysis of Kidney Purine

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Purine nucleotide concentration of kidney extract (10 μl) was measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (ÄKTApurifier UPC 10; GE Healthcare UK/Amersham, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK) with a reverse-phase column (Supelcosil LC-18-T, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm; Sigma-Aldrich, Bellefonte, PA, USA) and a guard column (Supelguard LC-18-T, 20 × 4.0 mm; Sigma-Aldrich). All concentrations are expressed as nmol/g wet weight. For details of the measurement, see supporting information.
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3

Characterization of Quantum Dot Nanoparticles

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Absorption and fluorescence spectra of QDs were acquired using an Agilent Cary 5000 UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer and a Horiba NanoLog spectrofluorometer, respectively. For fluorescence and excitation spectra, wavelength-dependent detector sensitivity and excitation power fluctuations were accounted for during fluorescence signal measurement via a built-in module in the Horiba NanoLog spectrofluorometer. Electron microscopy images were collected using a JEOL 2100 Cryo TEM in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Research Facilities at the University of Illinois. Hydrodynamic sizes of polymer coated QDs were measured using an ÄKTApurifier UPC10 (GE Healthcare) with Superose 6 10/300GL column (GE Healthcare) and UNICORN 5.31 Workstation software. Fluorescence dependence on pH was measured using a SpectraMax M2 microplate reader at the Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois. Gel electrophoresis was performed using an EPS-300X system (C.B.S. Scientific Co., Inc.), and images were acquired using a BioRad Molecular Imager Gel Doc XR system. FCS measurements were performed using an Alba FCS instrument at the Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois.
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4

Detailed Characterization of Quantum Dots

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Fluorescence spectra were measured using a NanoLog Horiba Jobin Yvon (HORIBA Scientific) with data collected using Fluo Essence V3.5 software. Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra were obtained using a Cary series UV–VIS–NIR spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies) with data collected using Cary WinUV Scan Application Version 6.00 1551 software. For fluorescence QY measurements, the solution was diluted to absorption of ~0.1 at 490 nm. QY was calculated relative to a reference dye (fluorescein in 10 mM NaOH, QY = 92%). FCS data were collected with an Alba FCS instrument (ISS) with single-photon avalanche photodiode detector. Gel electrophoresis of QDs was conducted using our published protocol.25 (link) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained using a JEOL 2010 LaB6 high-resolution microscope in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Research Facilities at University of Illinois. Size exclusion chromatography for QDs was performed on an ÄKTApurifier UPC10 (GE Healthcare) with a Superose Increase 6 10/300GL column (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB) with data processed with UNICORN 5.31 Workstation software.
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5

Purification and Characterization of FCS and G-rich Peptides

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The FCS protein fractions were purified according to the method by Liu et al. (2015) [21 (link)], which used fast protein liquid chromatography (ÄKTA purifier UPC 10, GE Healthcare Life Science, Utah, USA) with a series of five 5 mL HiTrap desalting columns (prepacked with Sephadex G-25 superfine, GE Healthcare Life Science) equilibrated with distilled water at a flow rate of 2 mL/min and monitored at 280 nm. FCS protein fractions were collected and reconstituted with distilled water. The purified G-rich peptide protocol was modified as described by Ngo et al. (2015) [22 (link)], which was equipped with Superdex 30 Increase SEC columns (prepacked Tricorn™ glass column, GE Healthcare Life Science) and equilibrated with distilled water at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Meanwhile, Gly–Tyr, Leu enkephalin, Met enkephalin, and Val-Tyr-Val (Merck, Burlington, MA, USA) were used as standards to detect the G-rich peptide on FPLC profiling. FCS protein fractions and G-rich peptide were freeze dried and stored at −20 °C until further experimentation.
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