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Galactose gal

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Galactose (Gal) is a monosaccharide that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a C-4 epimer of glucose, meaning it differs in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at the C-4 position. Galactose is a naturally occurring sugar found in various dairy products and is an important component of many glycoconjugates, including glycoproteins and glycolipids.

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Lab products found in correlation

Mannose man, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Trypsin from bovine pancreas, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Rpmi 1640, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Mda mb 231, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions) Mcf 7, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions) Lipase, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Pepsin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) α amylase, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Pancreatin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Bile salt, by Solarbio (1 mentions) Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Fucose fuc, by Merck Group (1 mentions) D galacturonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Rpmi 1640 medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Rhamnose rha, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Glucose glu, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

5 protocols using galactose gal

1

Cell Lines and Reagents for Cancer Research

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MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were maintained in our institute, which were originally obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The U937 human promonocytic cell line was a gift from Professor Duan Ma (Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University), which also originated from the ATCC. SD was purchased from the Pharmacy Department of our hospital, whose growth place was Inner Mongolia, China. Trypsin from bovine pancreas, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), glucose (Glc), and galactose (Gal) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 100 units/mL penicillin/streptomycin was obtained from GIBCO (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). All other reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
Ding J., Guo Y., Jiang X., Li Q., Li K., Liu M., Fu W, & Cao Y. (2020). Polysaccharides Derived from Saposhnikovia divaricata May Suppress Breast Cancer Through Activating Macrophages. OncoTargets and therapy, 13, 10749-10757.
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2

Extraction and Characterization of Chlorella Polysaccharides

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The powder form of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was obtained from Shanghai Guangyu Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Pepsin, α-amylase, lipase, pancreatin, 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (PMP), and the standard monosaccharides including rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic acid (GlcA), galacturonic acid (GalA), glucose (Glc), and galactose (Gal) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric and 2-ethylbutyric acid with chromatographic purity were purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) was obtained from Macklin Inc. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade and obtained commercially.
Lv K., Yuan Q., Li H., Li T., Ma H., Gao C., Zhang S., Liu Y, & Zhao L. (2022). Chlorella pyrenoidosa Polysaccharides as a Prebiotic to Modulate Gut Microbiota: Physicochemical Properties and Fermentation Characteristics In Vitro. Foods, 11(5), 725.
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3

Comprehensive Analysis of Golden Flaxseed

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Golden flaxseed was purchased from Zhangye, Ganshu Province, China. Pancreatin, vitamin K and monosaccharide standards (including ribose (Rib), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), galacturonic acid (GalA), glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal)) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA.) Bile salt was obtained from Solarbio Science & Technology Co.Ltd. (Beijing, China). SCFAs standards were purchased from Aladdin Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals were analytical grade.
Zhou X., Zhang Z., Huang F., Yang C, & Huang Q. (2020). In Vitro Digestion and Fermentation by Human Fecal Microbiota of Polysaccharides from Flaxseed. Molecules, 25(19), 4354.
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4

Polysaccharide-based Macrophage Activation

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The powder of PSLs was provided by Ningbo Huikang Life Technology Co., Ltd (Ningbo, China). RAW264.7 macrophages were purchased from Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). Testing kit of NO was obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). RPMI 1640 medium, penicillin, streptomycin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), fetal bovine serum and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Gibco Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, United States). Standards of mannose (Man, 99%), galactose (Gal, 99%), glucose (Glc, 99%), rhamnose (Rha, 99%), fucose (Fuc, 99%), and D-galacturonic acid (99%) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals used in this study were from local company and of analytical grade.
Zou X.G., Cao Y.Q., Li J.J., Guan X.Q., Cai M., Sun P.L, & Yang K. (2022). Physicochemical properties and immune-enhancing activity of graded polysaccharides from the peels of stem lettuce (Lactuca sativa) by cascade membrane technology. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 981099.
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5

Evaluation of Yam Bulbils and Rhodiola

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Yam bulbils were purchased from Jianguo Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Jiaozuo, Henan, China). Commercially available large plant Rhodiola capsules (LPRC), employed as the positive control group (PG), were purchased from Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). Assay kits for evaluating biological indicators (blood lactic acid, BLA; malondialdehyde, MDA; blood urea nitrogen, BUN; hepatic glycogen; superoxide dismutase, SOD; and glutathione peroxidase, GSH‐Px) were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Institute (Nanjing, Jiangsu, China). Standard sugars (rhamnose, Rha; glucose, Glu; mannose, Man; galactose, Gal; arabinose, Ara; and xylose, Xyl), were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Other reagents were of analytical grade.
Zhou H., Zhang X., Huang R, & Su T. (2023). Antifatigue effects and antioxidant activity in polysaccharide fractions from Chinese yam bulbils. Food Science & Nutrition, 12(2), 1218-1229.
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