Nano zs90 laser particle analyzer

Transmission electron microscopic
(TEM) images were taken on a Hitachi H-7100 instrument at 75 kV. Sigma
Scan Pro 5.0 software (Ashburn, VA, USA) was used for NP size distribution
analysis. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements of MSNs suspended
in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and serum medium (DMEM+10% FBS)
were performed on a Nano ZS90 laser particle analyzer (Malvern Instruments,
U.K.). Zeta potentials of MSNs were measured in an aqueous solution
ranging from pH 6.0 to 8.0. X-ray powder diffraction was measured
by X’ Pert PRO (PANalytical) powder using Cu Kα1 radiation
(λ = 1.54 Å), and the interplanar spacing was calculated
from the Bragg formulation. The N₂ adsorption–desorption
isotherms of the MSNs were obtained from a Micrometrics ASAP 2020
(Norcross, GA, USA). The surface area and pore size were calculated
using the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) equation and the standard Barrett–Joyner–Halenda
(BJH) method. A thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was recorded from
40 to 800 °C on a thermal analyzer with a heating rate of 10
°C/min with an air purge of 40 mL/min. The carbon, nitrogen,
oxygen, and hydrogen percentages in the dried sample were measured
with an elemental analyzer (Elementar Vario EL cube type for NCSH,
Germany).

SEM (Hitachi S-4800) and EDS were conducted to investigate the surface morphologies and elemental dispersion of samples. The as-prepared MXene nanosheets, CNFs, and CNTs were characterized using HR-TEM (JEM-2100F). The XRD patterns of the samples were measured by an X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.54178 Å). The chemical components of MXene were analyzed by using an ESCALAB 250Xi (Thermo Scientific, UK). The functional group of CNFs were investigated via an FTIR spectrometer (FTIR-7600, Lambda Scientific, Australia). AFM (Asylum Research) was utilized to characterize the thickness of samples. The size distribution of the samples was obtained using a Nano ZS90 laser particle analyzer (Malvern Instruments, UK). The viscoelastic properties of the samples were studied using a rheometer (Physica MCR301). A physical property measurement system (Quantum Design) was employed to measure the electrical conductivity of the samples.