Fastscan afm

The height and alignment of the VACNTs were characterized using scanning electron microscopes (SEM, FEI Nova 450 and Hitachi SU 8200). TEM was used to obtain CNT diameter statistics (Philips CM12). Catalyst particle density was probed with a Bruker Fastscan AFM. The as-grown CNT quality and the phase information of the as-deposited TiO₂ layer were determined by use of a Renishaw InVia Raman spectroscope (785 nm excitation) and NTMDT NTEGRA Raman spectroscope (571 nm excitation).

AFM measurements were performed on a Bruker FastScan AFM, in the PeakForce31 feedback mode, which allows the extraction and analysis of individual force curves for each pixel at regular scanning speeds (0.5–4 Hz). Typically, fast and large area scans are used to determine the period, whereas slower and smaller area scans are used to calculate the ratio δ/L. Raman spectroscopy measurements were taken with the Witec confocal Raman spectrometer with a wavelength of 514 nm and 1 mW power.

The Aâ42 protein conformation variances were carried out in a JASCO J-810 automatic recording spectropolarimeter (Jasco Inc., Tokyo, Japan) controlled by the Jasco software. Briefly, Aâ42 (25 ìM) in the absence and presence of doliroside A (125 ìM) were incubated at 37°C for assigned periods. After co-incubation, the samples were centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 15 min, and the supernatant was injected into a 1-mm path length quartz cuvette. A background CD spectrum of buffer solution was subtracted from the sample spectrum for baseline correction. Spectra were recorded under the conditions: a resolution of 0.5 nm, scanning rate of 100 nm/min, response time of 1 s, bandwidth of 2 nm, room temperature and the wavelength ranges from 250 to 190 nm.Morphology detection by atomic force microscope (AFM).
10 μL samples were pipetted onto freshly cleaved mica plate (1 cm × 1 cm) fixed onto a glass slide and incubated at room temperature for 3 min. The remaining saltsand loose deposits in the suspension were triplicate rinsed with ultrapure water (50 μL, Millipore) and then air-dried for a whole night (12 h). AFM images were obtained on a dimension FastScan AFM (Bruker, German) with FASTSCAN-A probe in ScanAsyst mode under ambient conditions. Scanning frequency was 1.95 Hz.

AuNR/Ags were imaged using AFM. The samples for AFM were prepared by dispensing the solvent (1 ×  PBS) containing the nanostructures (1000 µg/ml) on a silicon (Si) substrate at several spots. The substrate was dried overnight in a chemical fume hood. The tapping mode of Bruker Fastscan AFM (Bruker, Billerica, MA) was utilized to scan the nanostructures with a scan rate of 1 Hz and 256 samples per line. Both height and phase images were recorded during the scanning. The Bruker Nanoscope Analysis software (version 1.8) was used to refine the images.

Prepared peptide mixtures of 3 and 5 were re-dissolved in water at 0.4 mM and 2 μL was placed on a freshly peeled mica surface glued to a 12 mm metal AFM specimen disc. The mica was covered with a Petri dish to avoid any possible contamination and air dried in a fume hood. Prior to microscopy, each sample was further dried with a gentle stream of N₂ gas. Morphological characterization was carried out using a Bruker Fastscan AFM (Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA, USA). Images were obtained using peakforce-tapping mode with Fastscan C probes (Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) with a nominal spring force constant of 0.8 N m⁻¹. Topographic and phase were simultaneously obtained at a resolution of 512 × 512 using a scan frequency of 2 Hz with typical scan sizes 5 μm × 5 μm. 15 images per sample were taken and images were processed using Gwyddion 2.45 software. Fibre dimensions were quantified by using line sectioning and height dimensions were averaged as previously described.^{28 (link)}