Tin chloride dihydrate sncl2 2h2o

Cesium iodide (CsI) (99.999%, Sigma-Aldrich), lead iodide (PbI₂) (99.999%, Sigma-Aldrich) methyl ammonium bromide (Greatcellsolar), formamidinium iodide (Greatcellsolar), tin chloride dihydrate (SnCl₂·2H₂O), (99.99%, Sigma-Aldrich), 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) (99% Lumtec), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI, Sigma-Aldrich), 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) (96%, Sigma-Aldrich), chlorobenzene (99.9%, spectrophotometric grade) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (99.7%, Sigma-Aldrich), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich), anhydrous ethanol, FTO glass substrates, respectively.

Tin chloride dihydrate (SnCl₂•2H₂O) and copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄•5H₂O) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used as precursors for the synthesis of the SnO₂-Cu nanocomposites. The chromogenic substrate TMB was also acquired from Sigma–Aldrich for the analysis of the enzyme mimetic activity of the SnO₂-Cu nanocomposites. H₂O₂ was obtained from Samchun Chemical Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Korea).