Jsm 7401f field emission sem

Fluidic patterns with the desired shape were drawn using the open-access software Inkscape version 1.0.1 (Inkscape Project, https://inkscape.org/about/ (accessed on 10 October 2021)). The AxiDraw extension for Inkscape was used for controlling an AxiDraw desktop x-y plotter (Evil Mad Science LLC, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) connected to a PC via a USB interface.
A semi-automatic screen printer (E2, EKRA), polyester screens (77/195-48 PW, SEFAR PET 1500) and a 75 durometer polyurethane squeegee were used for screen-printing of the electrodes.
A JSM-7401f field emission SEM (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) was used for surface characterization of the electrodes.
For electrochemical measurements, a Palmsens potentiostat, controlled by the PSTrace 5.5 software, was used (Palmsens, Houten, The Netherlands). All electrochemical data evaluation was performed with the PSTrace 5.5 utilities.

The morphology of the Escherichia coli bacteria after treatment with QPEI-functionalized oxCNTs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (Jeol JSM 7401F Field Emission SEM). Specifically, cells were incubated with QPEI-functionalized oxCNTs at their 50% inhibitory concentration (IC-50), fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (100 mM, pH = 7.1) for 6 h, transferred to a poly(l-lysine) coated glass cover slip, dehydrated using ethanol gradient (twice of 50%, 70%, 95%, and 100% ethanol for 10 min each), drying, and coated with gold in a sputter coater [74 (link)].

Nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) substrates of 1 mm in thickness and 1 × 1 cm² or 1.5 × 1.5 cm² in size were prepared by implementing the hot water bath treatment method. More specifically, zinc samples were thoroughly cleaned with acetone and isopropyl alcohol using ultrasonic processing to remove organic contaminants prior to nanostructuring. Subsequently, glass beakers filled with deionized water were heated using a hotplate until the temperature of the water reached 95 °C. The temperature was fixed at this point and the zinc samples were immersed in the hot water. The immersion time of the samples used in this work was 24 h, and the surface nanostructures were examined afterwards. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the JSM 7401F Field Emission SEM from JEOL, was used to characterize the morphology of the tested nanostructured ZnO surfaces.