Dsa25s drop shape analyzer

To evaluate the SFE and surface wetting, 15 silanized specimens per silane and application time were examined. For this purpose, the ceramics were polished with diamond discs (P4000) to minimize the surface roughness and exclude topography effects in contact angle measurements. The surface roughness was validated with CLSM to ensure an Sa value of <0.02 µm. Contact angle measurements were performed using distilled water and diiodomethane (both 0.2 µL) with a DSA25S drop shape analyzer, a “Liquid Needle DO3252” dosing unit, and “ADVANCE 1.11” software (all KRÜSS GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) at 23 °C under an air atmosphere. The contact angles were measured after a delay of 30 s on both sides of the drop (fitting method: ellipse) and averaged [37 (link),38 (link)]. Subsequently, the SFE polar components and dispersive components were calculated according to the method of Owens and Wendt [39 (link)].

Optical transmittance of the PtBA film (thickness: ~100 µm) and light-absorption spectra of the GNPEs (thickness: ~100 µm) were measured by a Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrometer (Fig. 2c, f). Raman spectrum of GNPs was obtained from a HORIBA LabRAM HR Evolution Raman spectroscope using a Laser (wavelength: 532 nm) (Fig. 2e). Cross-sectional image of the PtBA-GNPE bilayer was taken by a Sirion 600 field emission scanning electron microscope (Fig. 4b). Wettability of the PtBA and GNPEs was evaluated by measuring contact angle via a KRÜSS DSA 25 S drop shape analyzer. Deionized water and diiodomethane were used as test liquids. A customized multi-channel current controller, which is connected to a metal PCB where NIR-LEDs were mounted, was used to adjust the operating current and duration of each LED. Temperature distribution on the surface of the bilayer during photothermal heating in response to light irradiation using NIR-LEDs was measured by a FLIR A6781 MWIR thermal camera (50 frames per second) (Figs. 4e–g and 6b). Relative light intensity of the NIR-LED light was measured at the exposed area (diameter: 4 mm), which is 4 mm distant from the NIR-LED, using a Spiricon SP620U beam profiling camera (Fig. 4e).

The surface characteristic of the nylon-6 material before after UV/Ozone plasma treatment was investigated by measuring water contact angle (WCA) via a DSA 25S drop shape analyzer of KRÜSS (Hamburg, Germany). For the measurement, in substitution for the TCN, we used a nylon-6 film with thickness: 350 µm. The morphological characteristic was measured by a Sirion 600 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) of FEI (Hillsboro, OR, USA) and an Axico Sope A1 optical microscope of Carl ZEISS (Stuttgart, Germany). The chemical analysis for the surface modification with MPTMS was performed by a K-Alpha X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA) with 0.1 eV scanning step. Electrical resistance of the metallic electrode was measured by a 34450A digital multimeter of Keysight technologies (Santa Rosa, CA, USA).