Onset hoboware software

Lying behavior was monitored with data loggers (Hobo Pendant G Data Logger, Onset Computer Corp., Pocasset, MA) attached to the medial side of the hind leg of each cow with Vet Wrap (3M Corp., St-Paul, MN). Loggers were fixed in a position so that the x-axis was parallel to the ground, the y-axis was perpendicular to the ground pointing upward, and the z-axis was parallel to the ground pointing away from the sagittal plane (Ito et al., 2009; (link)Cyples et al., 2012) (link). The loggers recorded the g-force on the x-, y-, and z-axes at 1-min intervals from 48 h preinoculation until 80 h postinoculation, and the data were downloaded using Onset HOBOware software (Onset Computer Corp.), which converted the g-force readings into degrees of tilt. These data were exported into Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA). Data were selected to keep lying/standing positions of the cows only when these activities were undisturbed by humans (Figure 1). This information was used to determine whether the cow was standing or lying. A macro was subsequently used to calculate the percentage of undisturbed time spent lying and the number of postural (standing/lying) changes per hour.

To assess the behaviors of calves with different hutch space allowances, daily stand position total duration, standing bout duration, frequency of standing bouts, and percentage of time a calf lay on its right or left side were measured on randomly selected calves (n = 16 calves per treatment) on d -3 to +5 relative to castration (d 0) using the Onset Pendant-G dataloggers (64k, Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA). Forty-eight loggers were launched to collect the y-and z-axis position every 30 s. Loggers were attached to the calves' hind leg 2 d before data collection as previously described (Calvo-Lorenzo et al., 2016) and loggers were retrieved 6 d after castration. The data were downloaded using the Onset HOBOware Software (Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA) and were exported into Microsoft Excel to organize and summarize for statistical analysis as described by Ledgerwood et al. (2010) and Bonk et al. (2013) in SAS (v. 9.2, SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC).

Lying and standing behavior were recorded with electronic data loggers (HOBO Pendant G Data Logger, Onset Computer Corp., Bourne, MA), which took measurements of leg orientation at 1-min intervals, as validated by Ledgerwood et al. (2010) (link). Data loggers were wrapped in veterinary bandage (VetRap; 3M Products, St. Paul, MN) and attached to the medial side of the lower hind leg, also using veterinary bandage. Cows were fitted with their first data logger before enrollment. Data loggers were removed 1×/wk to download data and to prevent prolonged exposure to rubbing on a particular leg. Before removing one data logger, a new data logger was fitted to the other hind leg of the cow in order to keep data continuous. Data collected were downloaded using Onset HOBOware Software (Onset Computer Corp.) and exported to Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA). Excel macros were used to process and summarize lying data as total lying time, frequency of lying bouts, and average bout length (total lying time/frequency of bouts).