Eslicarbazepine

All compounds were prepared in 0.5% methylcellulose (Sigma; St. Louis, MO, USA) suspensions, with the exception of sodium valproate, which was prepared in saline (0.9% NaCl). Carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, ethosuximide, ezogabine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and sodium valproate were obtained from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). Eslicarbazepine, gabapentin, levetiracetam, rufinamide, tiagabine, and topiramate were obtained from TCI America (Portland, OR, USA). Lacosamide was obtained from Axon Medchem (Groningen, Netherlands). Lamotrigine was obtained from AK Scientific (Union City, CA, USA).

For all experiments described, stock solutions in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (0.01–0.10 M) were made fresh on the day of the first experiment, visually inspected for solubility when diluted into ACSF at working concentrations, frozen, and then reused for multiple experiments and applied via bath perfusion. The working concentration of DMSO was kept below 0.01% for each solution. Bumetanide, carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, ethosuximide, felbamate, midazolam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, sodium valproate, and stiripentol were obtained from Sigma. Eslicarbazepine, gabapentin, levetiracetam, rufinamide, tiagabine, and topiramate were obtained from TCI America (Portland, OR, U.S.A.). Lacosamide and ezogabine was obtained from Axon Medchem (Groningen, The Netherlands). Lamotrigine was obtained from AK Scientific (Union City, CA, U.S.A.).