The composite micro-materials are rigid enough to be handled manually or using precise tweezers. Some of these micro-materials were deposited on metallic pins covered by a conductive tape to obtain scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images using a tabletop SEM (Hitachi TM3030). The fabricated bridge shown in Figure 2b was driven into resonance by an external piezoelectric actuator. The dynamic behavior of the polymer resonators was characterized optically using a laser Doppler vibrometer MSA 500 from Polytec and electrically using a network analyzer (Agilent E5061B). All measurements were performed in air at atmospheric pressure. Humidity monitoring was performed using a vapor generator instrument from Surface Measurement Instrument Ltd where temperature was monitored using a Eurotherm 2604 temperature controller .![]()
Msa 500
Manufactured by Polytec
Sourced in Germany
The MSA-500 is a precision analytical instrument designed for the measurement and analysis of a variety of materials. It utilizes advanced technology to provide accurate and reliable data, catering to the needs of research and industrial applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
10 protocols using msa 500
1
Fabrication and characterization of polymer resonators
2
Laser Doppler Vibrometry of Particles
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The thermomechanical spectra were measured using a laser Dopper vibrometer (MSA-500 from Polytec GmbH, Germany) in air with a 633-nm laser beam (~3 μm, FWHM). In an experiment, the laser spot on a particle was only active on a given spot on the measurement grid for no more than a tenth of a second for the majority of particles, thereby eliminating the effect of laser-induced dehydration (Supplementary Figs. 34 , 35 and 37 ). The LDV is fitted with a microscope that collects images of the particle after each scan of the defined measurement grid on a particle has been completed. A piezoelectric element (NAC6024, Noliac A/S, Kvistaard, Denmark) was used for actuation. The vibrometer was on a pressurised optical table while conducting all measurements in order to limit external vibrations. A 5x microscope objective was used for all measurements.
3
Frequency Stability Analysis of Mechanical Resonators
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The vibrational response of the mechanical resonators is measured using a LDV (MSA-500, Polytec Gmbh); a single point measurement is performed on each cantilever of the array. The resonator arrays are mounted with an adhesive tape on a piezoelectric disk used for actuation. All the measurements are performed at a vacuum level of 2 × 10−7 mbar in a chamber evacuated by a membrane and a turbomolecular pumps (MINI-Task System, Varian Inc. Vacuum Technologies). The vibrational spectra were recorded actuating the piezodisk with a sinusoidal chirp signal generated by the LDV system, in the specific frequency range of interest.
The frequency stabilities of the resonators are evaluated by computing the Allan deviation, σa, of the primary Lorentzian peak and the center frequency of the weak-coupling peaks, in the integration time τ: where is the time average of the frequency measurement in the ith time interval of duration τ, Na is the total number of time intervals, and f0 is the mean resonance frequency over the duration of the measurement. The Allan deviation measurement is performed using a lock-in system (HF2LI, Zurich Instruments).
The frequency stabilities of the resonators are evaluated by computing the Allan deviation, σa, of the primary Lorentzian peak and the center frequency of the weak-coupling peaks, in the integration time τ: where is the time average of the frequency measurement in the ith time interval of duration τ, Na is the total number of time intervals, and f0 is the mean resonance frequency over the duration of the measurement. The Allan deviation measurement is performed using a lock-in system (HF2LI, Zurich Instruments).
4
Vibration Characterization of Wood Diaphragms
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Circular wood diaphragms were prepared by bonding the wood film to a M4 washer (inner diameter: 4.3 mm, outer diameter: 9.0 mm) using epoxy resin. The vibration of the wood diaphragms was characterized using scanning laser vibrometry. The prepared wood diaphragm was set up under the laser vibrometer (MSA-500, Polytec) and excited by white-noise sound with a 1.5–50 kHz frequency range, which was generated by a speaker (Petterson, LP 400). The frequency responses of the wood diaphragms were obtained by normalizing the vibrometer output against the output of a reference microphone (4191, Bruel & Kjaer) adjacent to the wood diaphragm. All tests were carried out under atmospheric conditions. The room temperature and the relative humidity is 24 °C and 50%, respectively.
5
Vibrational Analysis of DNA Bundles
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Vibrational analysis of suspended DNA bundles was performed with a Laser Doppler Vibrometer system (MSA-500, Polytec Gmbh). The samples were mounted on a piezoelectric disk actuator inside a vacuum chamber. The laser (wavelength 633 nm) was focused on the DNA bundle with a ×100 objective to obtain a spot of around 1 µm in diameter. The measurements were done both in air and under vacuum. For the measurement in a vacuum environment, the chamber was evacuated with a pumping system composed of a series of turbomolecular and membrane pumps (MINI-Task System, Varian Inc. Vacuum Technologies) reaching a vacuum level around 10–7 mbar. The piezodisk was glued on a Peltier cell to perform the measurement at a fixed temperature (25 °C). The humidity of the chamber was controlled with a conditioning system and fixed at RH 60%. The measurements on the DNA resonator were performed at stable environmental conditions, at 25 °C and RH of 60%, to ensure full comparison with HRTEM data performed on A-form DNA. Relative humidity higher than 75% will cause a nucleic acid transition from the A- to the B-form, causing a structural variation, such as the interbase distances, tilt of the base pairs and diameter.
6
Laser Doppler Vibrometry Resonance Tracking
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The real-time optical readout of a laser Doppler vibrometer (MSA-500; Polytec) after a digital velocity decoder was directly captured by a lock-in amplifier (HF2LI; Zurich Instrument) for the tracking of resonance frequency, as shown in Fig. 1B . Five steps of vibrometer 633-nm laser was used with average power of 380, 170, 68.3, 45.5, and 21.2 μW, and focus by 50× objective (0.55 N.A.; Mitutoyo) with nominal FWHM = 0.9 μm and spot size of ∼1.53 µm. In measurements, the averaged FWHM obtained from the measurement is 1.1 0.3918 µm. A piezoelectric element (NAC2003; Noliac) was connected to the output of the lock-in amplifier for actuation. A frequency sweep was performed before every measurement and scanning for the phase locking and to optimize actuation voltage. All experiments were done under high-vacuum condition with chamber pressure below 10−4 mbar.
7
Measuring Insect Bristle Vibrations
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A wing of the insect was separated from its body by using an insect needle and was then glued to the edge of a piezoelectric actuator. To suppress the modal coupling from the wing membrane, the whole membrane was stuck on the piezoactuator and the bristles were left hanging outside. Vibrations were generated by the piezoelectric actuator, and the real-time frequency response of the bristle was obtained by LDV (Polytec, MSA-500, Irvine, CA, USA), with the laser beam (wavelength 632.8 nm, power <1 mW) focused through a ×50 microscope objective on the tip of the bristle. To evaluate the bristles with various lengths, the bristles were trimmed by using an infrared diode laser (MDL-H-808-3W, Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.) attached to a microscope with a ×50 objective lens.
8
Microstructure Vibration Analysis in Vacuum
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The experiments were conducted at room temperature in high vacuum at a pressure below 10−5 mbar where air damping is negligible [22 (link)]. The chips were glued directly onto a piezoelectric actuator. The resonance frequency of the out-of-plane vibration was read-out by a laser Doppler vibrometer (MSA-500 from Polytec GmbH, Waldbronn, Germany). The laser power was kept at the minimum level at all times to minimize heating of the microstructures.
9
Characterization of MAWA Membrane Actuation
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The MAWA device is fixed on a PCB and wire bonded, Fig. 2C. A signal generator is connected to the PCB and generates the activation signal via SMA cables. To activate the device, a sinusoidal actuation signal of 10 V pk-pk split into two outputs, and phase-shifted by 180°via a Balun device, is used at a frequency between 2 MHz and 15 MHz. To capture the GFWs' propagation in the time domain, the laser doppler vibrometer (LDV -Polytec MSA-500) and its internal function generator were used. To measure the voltage and frequencydependent peak-to-peak membrane displacement, an external function generator (Keysight 33500B) was used to generate a 6-period-long sine burst actuation signal. A digital oscilloscope (Keysight DSOX4024A) is used to measure the output signal from the LDV. The measurements in the time domain were averaged 256 times for each frequency. The actuation signal at 10 V pk-pk is swept from 0.05-9 MHz for IDT 1 and 0.05-15 MHz for IDT 2.
10
Micro-Resonators Characterization for Sensing Applications
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The heating stage consisted of a metal ceramic heater (HT19R, Thorlabs Inc, New Jersey, USA), used for heating the microchip and a Raspberry Pi 2 Model B (Raspberry Pi Foundation, United Kingdom), used to set and control the temperature, measured by a thermocouple (K-Type) in direct contact with the microchip. The setup was placed in a vacuum chamber to eliminate air damping of the micro resonators and thus reduce measurement noise. The change in frequency was measured with a laser-Doppler-vibrometer (MSA-500, Polytec GmbH, Germany). Furthermore, a piezoelectric element (NAC6024, Noliac A/S, Kvistgaard, Denmark) was used for actuation. A serial configuration membrane (PJ 15347, Leybold GmbH, Germany) and turbo pump (HiPace 80, Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH, Germany) created the high vacuum (< 10 -5 mbar).
For particle size selection, a standard 32 µm sieve analysis sieve (Haver & Boecker oHG, Germany) was used. The shadow mask for focusing the sample deposition in the center of the string was made by mechanically destroying the strings of a regular fabricated string sensor.
For particle size selection, a standard 32 µm sieve analysis sieve (Haver & Boecker oHG, Germany) was used. The shadow mask for focusing the sample deposition in the center of the string was made by mechanically destroying the strings of a regular fabricated string sensor.
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