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9 protocols using midiprep kit

1

EGFP Insertion in celsr3 Promoter

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We used standard BAC recombineering strategies to place EGFP downstream
of the celsr3 promoter (Dhaka et
al. 2007
) (Chatterjee and Lufkin
2011
). We used BAC CH73-42M24 obtained from Children’s
Hospital Oakland Research Institute (http://bacpac.chori.org/zebrafish71.htm), which is labeled as
zH42M24T7 on the Sanger Welcome Trust web site. Briefly, PCR was performed to
create a fragment containing EGFP and the kanamycin resistance gene flanked by
LoxP sites. Engineered on either side of this construct were domains containing
homology to celsr3 exon1 in the BAC. This was done using
primers forward (GGATTTCACTAGACTAATGGTGAGCAAGGGCGAGGAG) and reverse
(CTTGCTCACCATTAGTCTAGTGAAATCCTTTCTCTCTC). Bacteria containing the BAC were
electroporated with the fragment and then recombination was induced and selected
for by kanamycin resistance. Colonies that were kanamycin resistant were grown
and prepped using an Invitrogen Midi prep kit according to manufacturer
instructions, except that DNA was pipetted a minimum number of times to avoid
shearing. Colonies were checked by PCR and sequencing. After EGFP insertion was
confirmed, the DNA was treated with Cre recombinase to remove the kanamycin
resistance gene. The final DNA product was then re-electroporated into
Bacteria.
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2

Generating thsd7a-GFP Transgenic Zebrafish

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thsd7a-GFP transgenic zebrafish was created by using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) homologous recombination. The thsd7a-containing BAC clone was purchased commercially (Plasmid HUKGB735L10208Q, Source BioScience). First, thsd7a BAC plasmid was extracted from overnight culture cell broth by Midiprep kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). The extracted BAC was transformed into EL250 competent cells by electroporation and the flip recombinase activity was induced by 42 °C incubation, BAC-contained EL250 competent cells were selected with chloramphenicol antibiotic. Secondly, specific forward primer was designed by adding 45 base pairs of gene specific sequence together with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) forward primer, and 45 bp of gene specific sequence together with the anti-kanamycin reverse primer. We used a PCR long tailing method to make the GFP-Km DNA cassette for insertion of GFP into the thsd7a BAC clone. After homologous recombination, the first exon of thsd7a was partially replaced with GFP, resulting in the thsd7a-GFP construct driven by the thsd7a regulatory elements in the BAC clone. The construct was then microinjected into zebrafish embryos at one to two cell stages to generate stable lines.
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3

SARS-CoV-2 and Nipah Virus Protein Constructs

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SARS-CoV-2 spike is in a pCAGG backbone and expresses the codon-optimized Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate (NCBI accession no. NC_045512.2).

SARS-CoV-2 sRBD (NCBI GenBank accession no. MT380724.1 from the Krammer lab) is in a pCAGG backbone and expresses the codon-optimized sequence from the Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate. The sRBD-His, used for neutralization studies, was generated from this construct.

VSV-G is in a pCAGG backbone and expresses wild-type Indiana strain VSV-G (Genbank accession no. ACK77583.1).

ACE2 packaging construct (GeneCopoeia; catalog [cat.] no. EX-U1285-Lv105) uses a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter to express ACE2 and bears a puromycin selection marker in the integrating cassette.

The TMPRSS2 packaging construct (GeneCopoeia; cat. no. EX-Z7591-Lv197) uses a CMV promoter to express TMPRSS2 and bears a blasticidin selection marker in the integrating cassette.

The psPAX2 2nd-generation lentiviral packaging plasmid (Addgene 12259) expresses HIV-1 Gag, Pol, and Pro proteins.

The NiV-RBP is in a pCAGG backbone and expresses the hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged, codon-optimized NiV receptor binding protein.

All plasmids listed here are ampicillin resistant. These constructs were transformed into stellar competent cells, grown in bacterial growth media containing carbenicillin, prepared using Invitrogen’s midiprep kit, and sequence verified prior to use for experiments.
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4

Ampicillin-Resistant Plasmid Transformation

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All plasmids listed here are ampicillin resistant. These constructs were transformed into stellar competent cells, grown in bacterial growth media containing carbenicillin, prepared using Invitrogen’s midiprep kit, and sequence verified prior to use for experiments.
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5

Targeted Gene Disruption in Transgenic Embryos

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All plasmids used for embryo injections were extracted from transformed Escherichiacoli cells using a plasmid Midiprep kit from Thermo Fisher Scientific. To disrupt the Nopp140 gene, the plasmid injection mixture contained 15 ng µl−1 of gRNA#52, 15 ng µl−1 of gRNA#99, and 230 ng µl−1 of pDsRed-Donor. The mixture was injected into homozygous nanos-Cas9 transgenic embryos. To disrupt the DsRed gene, the CRISPR injection mixture contained 75 ng µl−1 of gRNA#2, 75 ng µl−1 of gRNA#3, and 350 ng µl−1 of pBS-Hsp70-Cas9. This mixture was injected into J11 DsRed/TM3-GFP embryos. All injections were performed by GenetiVision Corporation (Houston, TX, USA).
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6

Gene editing of hiPSCs using electroporation

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For gene editing at the TH locus, a Neon electroporation system was used (ThermoFisher, cat# MPK5000), using methodology adapted for gene editing hiPSC (Buchrieser et al., 2017 (link); Flynn et al., 2015 (link)). 3 × 106 hiPSCs of each cell line were transfected by electroporation (1250 V, 20 ms pulse width, 1pulse) in a 100µL tip with 15 µg total DNA (3.11 µg sgRNA plasmid and 11.35 Donor plasmid). All plasmids used for electroporation were prepared using an endotoxin free MidiPrep Kit (ThermoFisher, cat# K210004). After electroporation, the cells were plated at high density (4 × 105 cells/cm2) in StemMACS medium without Pen/Strep containing 10 µM Rock-Inhibitor (Miltenyi, cat# 130–104–169). 24 h after electroporation Puromycin (SantaCruz Biotechnology, cat# sc-108071A) selection was started with 0.5 µg/ml for 48 h. After another 24 h without Puromycin cells were replated onto MEF cells for clonal selection (see supplementary information) and some were lysed for gDNA extraction for HDR screen.
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7

Mitochondrial Transfection Protocol

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pDsRed2-Mito vector (Clontech) was amplified using GT115 competent E. coli cells (InvivoGen) and isolated with a Midiprep kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For each transfection, 8 μg of plasmid DNA was diluted in 100 μL serum-free Opti-MEM I (Thermo Fisher Scientific). 10 μL Lipofectamine-2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was diluted in 100 μL serum-free Opti MEM I and allowed to stand for 10 min at room temperature. The plasmid and lipofectamine solutions were combined, gently mixed, and allowed to stand for 20 min at room temperature before application to cultures. Cells were transfected at 12.5 DIV. Cultures were imaged 36 h post-transfection.
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8

Molecular Cloning Protocol: Transformation and Plasmid Purification

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Bactotryptophan (code 91079-40-2); Bacto yeast (code 8013-01-2); Sodium Chloride (code 7647-14-5); Agar (code 9002-18-0); Calcium Chloride (code 10035-04-8); Isopropanol (code 67-63-0); Ethanol (code 64-17-5); SSC Buffer (code 6135-04-3); Hind III (code 81295-22-9); BGL II (code 81295-12-7); Ammonium Citrate Tribasic (code 3458-72-8); Citric Acid (code 77-92-9); Lysine (code 56-87-1); Ferrous Sulphate (code 7720-78-7) were all from Sigma Aldrich. Glycerol (code 56-81-5); Midiprep Kit, (code K0841); Agarose Gel (code 9012-36-6); Propidium Iodide (code 25535-16-4); DNA Digestion Kit (code AM1907); Ligation Buffer (code IVGN2104) were from Thermo Fischer Scientific. Ampicillin (code 69-52-3) and Tris Acetate Buffer (code 135852-26-5) were from Fischer Scientific; Blue-Orange Loading Dye was from Promega; Miniprep Kit was from Euro genomics and Ferric Chloride (code 7705-08-0) was from Merck Millipore.
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9

pKJK5::csg[aacC1] plasmid sequencing

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pKJK5::csg[aacC1] plasmid DNA was extracted using a Thermo Fisher Midiprep kit. Plasmid DNA was Illumina-sequenced by the University of Liverpool Centre for Genomic Research. Bioinformatics analyses and sequence assembly were carried out using Bash and Conda.
We analysed read quality using FastQC v0.11.9 and discarded poor-quality reads using Trimmomatic v0.39. Assembly was carried out using SPAdes v3.15.2 with the settings --plasmid and --careful. QUAST v5.0.2 was used to try multiple settings and select the best assembly. Finally, SPAdes-generated contigs were visualized using Bandage v0.8.1 and aligned to GenBank-deposited pKJK5 (AM261282.1) and E. coli K12 sequences (NZ_CP010444.1). Contigs that aligned to E. coli K12 were discarded, which yielded a single circular contig encoding pKJK5 and the CRISPR-Cas9 cassette. This contig contained a 127 bp duplication as an artefact of circularization, which we removed as a post-processing step. pKJK5::csg[aacC1] is identical to its theoretical sequence, except for a single-nucleotide deletion in the pKJK5 backbone 12 nt upstream of trfA. pKJK5::csg[aacC1] is deposited on GenBank under the accession number OP921802.
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