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4 protocols using baker s yeast trna

1

Ago2-RNA Binding Assay Protocol

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Guide-loaded Ago2 samples (0–70 nM) were incubated with 0.1 nM 32P-labeled target RNAs in binding reaction buffer (30 mM Tris pH 8.0, 0.1 M potassium acetate, 2 mM magnesium acetate, 0.5 mM TCEP, 0.005% (vol/vol) NP-40, 0.01 mg/ml baker's yeast tRNA (Sigma, St. Louis, MO)), in a total reaction volume of 100 µl, for 45 min at room temperature. Protein–RNA complexes and free RNA were separated using a dot-blot apparatus (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA), using Protran nitrocellulose membrane (0.45 µm pore size, Whatman, GE Healthcare Life Sciences) to bind protein complexes, and Hybond Nylon membrane (Amersham, GE Healthcare Life Sciences) to capture free RNA. Samples were applied with vacuum and then washed with 100 µl of ice-cold wash buffer (30 mM Tris pH 8.0, 0.1 M potassium acetate, 2 mM magnesium acetate, 0.5 mM TCEP). Membranes were air-dried and 32P signal visualized by phosphorimaging. Quantification was performed using ImageQuant software (GE Healthcare Life Sciences), and dissociation constants calculated using Prism version 5.0e (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA).
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2

DNMT1 Binding to Labeled RNA

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In vitro transcribed RNAs were CIP-treated before end-labeling. An amount of 50 pmol of in vitro transcribed or synthetic RNA was incubated with 10 units T4 PNK (NEB) and 2 µL γ-32P-ATP in 1× PNK buffer and incubated for 1 h at 37°C. Radiolabeled RNAs were purified using QuickSpin columns (Roche), and radioactivity was measured by a scintillation counter. End-labeled RNA was folded by first heating to 95°C for 5 min followed by snap cooling on ice for 2 min, and then incubated for 30 min at 37°C in 1× refold buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 100 mM KCl, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM ZnCl2, 2.0 mM BME, 0.05% NP40, 5% v/v glycerol). Each binding reaction contained the indicated amount of DNMT1 plus 1000 cpm of end-labeled RNA in binding buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 100 mM KCl, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM ZnCl2, 2.0 mM BME, 0.05% NP40, 5% v/v glycerol, 0.1 mg/mL BSA [NEB], 0.1 mg/mL baker's yeast tRNA [Sigma R5636]). Reactions were incubated for 1 h at 30°C. Samples were run on a 1% agarose gel in 1× TBE and run for 90 min at 4°C at 66 V. The gel was dried and exposed overnight followed by imaging on a Typhoon FLA 9500 scanner (GE). All EMSAs were performed in triplicate. EMSAs were quantified using either ImageQuant or GelAnalyzer 19.1, and binding curves were generated using Prism 9. 40-mer RNAs were ordered from Dharmacon.
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3

Cell-SELEX Using Kidney Cell Lines

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Kidney epithelial cell line RC-124 (Cell Lines Service GmbH) established from non-tumour tissue of kidney and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9)-positive ccRCC cell line RCC-MF (Cell Lines Service GmbH) established from renal clear cell carcinoma pT2, N1, Mx/GII-III (lung metastasis) were used for the cell-SELEX process as a negative control and as target cells accordingly. RCC-MF cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Gibco), and RC-124 cells were cultured in McCoy’s 5A medium (Sigma-Aldrich). Both culture media were supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco), 50 U/ml penicillin and 50 µg/ml streptomycin (Gibco). The cells were propagated at 37 °C, 5% CO2 and 95% relative humidity.
Washing buffer containing 4.5 mg/ml D-glucose and 5 mM MgCl2 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (SigmaAldrich, D8537, contains K+ at 4.45 mM, Na+ at 157 mM concentrations) was filtered through a 0.22 µM syringe filter (Corning). The binding buffer contained 4.5 mg/ml D-glucose, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (SigmaAldrich) and 0.1 mg/ml baker’s yeast tRNA (SigmaAldrich) in phosphate-buffered saline and was filtered through a 0.22 µM syringe filter.
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4

Electroporation of GPR35 in L1.2 Cells

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This protocol was essentially that as previously described (25 (link)). Briefly, 1.0 - 1.5 x 107cells/ml were used for each transfection in a volume of 800µl of RPMI.
This was transferred to a 0.4 cm gap electroporation cuvette after which
50µl of a 10 mg/ml solution of baker’s yeast tRNA (Sigma-Aldrich)
was added to the cuvette. 1µg of the GPR35 plasmid per 1 x 106cells was added to the cuvette and the cells subjected to electroporation at
330V, 950 μF. After allowing the cells to recover for 20 minutes at room
temperature, they were transferred to a flask containing complete medium and
incubated for 18 hours to 24 hours before receptor expression was examined by
flow cytometry prior to experimentation. For transient transfections, sodium
butyrate (Sigma-Aldrich,) was added to a final concentration of 10 mM to enhance
receptor expression. To generate the L1.2 clone 23 stably expressing GPR35,
cells were transfected as before and selected after 48hr of culture by the
addition of 1mg/ml G418. Surviving cells were expanded and cloned by limiting
dilution. Clone 23 was identified by flow cytometry as expressing suitable
amounts of GPR35 on its surface. Transient transfections using HEK293T cells
were performed using polyethylenimine, with experiments carried out 48 hours
after transfection.
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