Cyanidin 3 arabinoside

All the chemicals used in the experiments were of an analytical grade. Cyanidin chloride, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin chloride, peonidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-galactoside, myricetin-3-galactoside, malvidin-3-galactoside, malvidin chloride, malvidin-3-arabinoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside (Extrasynthese, Genay, France), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Biochemistry, Buchs, Switzerland), quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), myricetin, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-α-l-arabinofuranoside, quercetin-3-α-l-arabinopyranoside, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, α-Amyrin, β-Amyrin, corosolic acid, and maslinic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) were used as standards for the identification of the compounds. Acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid, and 4-(Dimethylamino) cinnamaldehyde) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Ethanol 96% (v/v) was purchased from AB Stumbras (Kaunas, Lithuania). Formic acid was bought from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

CMC was purchased from CP Kelco (Äänekoski, Finland). Sucrose was a product of Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia). Trehalose was obtained from Hayashibara doo (Nagase group, Tokyo, Japan). Hydrochloric acid was from Carlo Erba Reagents (Sabadell, Spain). Sodium carbonate was from T.T.T. (Sveta Nedelja, Croatia). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and potassium persulfate were from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Trolox, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, and most of the standards used (rutin, quercetin, quercetin-3-D-glucoside, chlorogenic acid) were products of Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while the standards of cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, neochlorogenic acid, and quercetin-3-D-galactoside were products of Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Cupric chloride, neocuproine, and 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Acros Organic (Geel, Belgium). Methanol (HPLC grade) was from J.T. Baker (Deventer, Netherlands) and orthophosphoric acid (HPLC grade, >85%) was from Fisher Scientific (Longhborough, UK).