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Resveratrol

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, France, China, Canada, Spain, United Kingdom, Poland, Japan, India, Macao, Argentina

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in various plants, including grapes and berries. It is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in laboratory research settings. Resveratrol has been studied for its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its specific functions and applications should be evaluated based on scientific evidence.

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843 protocols using resveratrol

1

Isolating and Evaluating Rat Pulmonary Artery Cells

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RPAs were isolated from above animal and designated as: RPAs-control, RPAs were collected from six rats of the rats-control group at 1, 4, and 8 hrs point time, respectively; RPAs-1% DMSO control, RPAs were collected from six rats of the rats-1% DMSO, at 1, 4, and 8 hrs point time, respectively; RPAs-TNF-α, RPAs were collected from six rats of the rats-TNF-α at 1, 4, and 8 h point time, respectively; RPAs-TNF-α + resveratrol (Sigma–Aldrich, USA), RPAs were collected from six rats of the rats-TNF-α + resveratrol at 1, 4, and 8 hrs point time, respectively; RPAs-TNF-α + C1142, RPAs were collected from six rats of the rats-TNF-α + C1142 at 1, 4, and 8 hrs point time, respectively; RPAs-TNF-α + SB203580, RPAs were collected from six rats of the rats-TNF-α + SB203580 at 8 hrs point time; RPAs-TNF-α + resveratrol + SB203580, RPAs were collected from six rats of the rats-TNF-α + resveratrol + SB203580 at 8 hrs point time; RPAs-resveratrol only, RPAs were collected from six rats of the rats-resveratrol only at 1, 4, and 8 hrs point time, respectively; RPAs-C1142 only, RPAs were collected from six rats of the rats-C1142 only at 8 hrs point time and RPAs-SB203580 only, RPAs were collected from six rats of the rats-B203580 only at 8 hrs point time. All operations were performed under sterile conditions (Figure 1).17 (link)
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2

Hypoxia, LPS, and Resveratrol Effects

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The mice were randomly divided into six groups with 6 mice in each group: Saline control group; Hypoxia group; Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group; Hypoxia + LPS group; Resveratrol group; and LPS + Hypoxia + Resveratrol group. Hypoxia group and Hypoxia + LPS group were cultured in COY Vinyl Anaerobic Chambers (COY, Grass Lake, MI, United States). To avoid pulmonary and cerebral edema caused by a rapid drop in oxygenation, the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) (1%/d) was gradually decreased from 21% normoxia (room-air oxygen) to 8% oxygen (severe hypoxia) over the course of 2 wk, followed by continual exposure to 8% oxygen for an additional 2 wk. On the 14th d after being exposed to 8% oxygen, Resveratrol (10 mg/kg; Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, United States)[20 (link)] was given intragastrically in Resveratrol group and LPS + Hypoxia + Resveratrol group while LPS (100 μg/kg; Sigma–Aldrich) was administrated by intraperitoneal injection combined with D-Gal (400 mg/ kg) in LPS group and LPS + Hypoxia + Resveratrol group[21 (link)]. Twenty-four hours after LPS administration, animals were quickly euthanized with inhaled CO2, followed by the collection of blood samples and liver tissues[21 (link)].
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3

Resveratrol Modulates Astrocytoma Cell Lines

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Primary Astrocytoma WHO grade III cultures (TB98, TB62 and TB58) were established from fresh tumors and maintained in DMEM/F12 (1:1) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Complete medium, CM). Primary (passage 5) cell lines were treated with 20 µmol/L, 10 nmol/L or 2 nmol/L resveratrol (Sigma) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma) and incubated for 24 h before extracting total RNA using the RNasey Mini kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (QIAGEN). In order to keep the proportion of the solvent in medium low (below 1%), for the 20 μmol/L treatment experiment 2 mmol/L resveratrol working solution was prepared in DMSO due to resveratrol’s limited solubility in water (3 mg/mL, 131.44 μmol/L).
The effect of resveratrol on cell proliferation was determined at various time points using the sulforodamine B (SRB) assay (Sigma). For the long‐term exposure, resveratrol (2 nmol/L or 10 μmol/L) or DMSO was added to the cell culture twice per week over a period of 60 days. The cells were counted in the end of the treatment period.
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4

Resveratrol Supplementation During Pregnancy

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All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the Animal Experimentation Guidelines of the European Communities Council Directive of November 24, 1986 (86/609/EEC). Protocols met the ethical guidelines of the French Ministry of Agriculture and Forests and were approved by the local ethics committee (CEEA50). Resveratrol was purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich, France). Resveratrol stock solution was prepared by dissolving 100 mg of Resveratrol in 2 ml of absolute ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, France). A pregnant Wistar female rat drinks on average 50 ml water/day. For Resveratrol supplementation, 4 μl of the Resveratrol stock solution were added in 200 ml of drinking water, which results in a nutritional maternal consumption of 0.15 mg/kg/day. Resveratrol solutions in drinking bottles were prepared and changed every day. Because of Resveratrol photosensitivity, drinking bottles were enwrapped in aluminum foil to avoid oxidation. 4 μl of absolute ethanol were added in drinking water (200 ml) for all sham groups during 2 weeks (last week of gestation + first week of breastfeeding).
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5

Resveratrol Sensitizes Lung Adenocarcinoma

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Lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were kindly donated by The Cell Bank of Type Culture Collection of The Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) containing a mixture of 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), 1% penicillin and 1% streptomycin (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) at 37˚C and 5% CO2, as previously described (9 (link)). A549 cells at the logarithmic growth phase were seeded (6x105 cells/well) into six-well culture dishes. Once the cells have adhered, resveratrol (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) to produce a stock solution of 10,000 µM, and stored at -20˚C. Different concentrations of resveratrol (0, 10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 µmol/l) were added into each dish and incubated for 24 h at 37˚C, and the resveratrol-containing medium was removed with a pipette. The same resveratrol treatment groups were prepared and irradiated with 0, 2, 4 and 6 Gy X-rays (room temperature, 6 MV X-rays, 300 cGy/min, the distance from the source to the specimen was 100 cm and the size of the irradiation field was 20x20 cm). The culture was continued for 4 h at 37˚C after irradiation for the following experiments.
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6

Resveratrol and Sunitinib Modulate NLRP3 Inflammasome

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Polydatin is the natural bio derivate of resveratrol therefore, as control cardiomyocytes and renal cancer cells were unexposed (control) or exposed to resveratrol (Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy) (100 and 200 µM) or Sunitinib (10 µM) alone or combined to resveratrol for 12 h. After incubation period, expression of NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β and IL-18 were determined through ELISA method described before.
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7

Resveratrol Effects on Pristane-Induced Mice

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Forty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: (1) Resveratrol A group: 10 BALB/c mice received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.5 ml of pristane (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) on day 1 and were fed with Resveratrol (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) (50 mg/kg/d) daily starting on day 2 for seven months; (2) Resveratrol B group: 10 BALB/c mice received a single i.p. injection of 0.5 ml of pristane on day 1 and were fed with Resveratrol (75 mg/kg/d) daily starting on day 2 for seven months; (3) Model control group: 10 BALB/c mice received a single i.p. injection of 0.5 ml of pristane on day 1 but were not given Resveratrol; and (4) Normal control group: 10 BALB/c mice not injected with pristane and not fed with Resveratrol.
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8

Murine Microglial Cell Line N13: Resveratrol and LPS Treatments

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The murine microglial cell line N13 was grown in RPMI 1640 basal medium enriched with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% L-glutamine (2 mM), and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution (100 U/mL penicillin; 100 μg/mL streptomycin) (Life Technologies-Invitrogen, Milan, Italy) in a CO2 incubator set to 5% CO2 at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere until 70% confluence. For the treatments, we used 10 μM resveratrol (trans-3,40, 5-trihydroxystilbene; purity > 99% GC; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and the cell wall component LPS of Salmonella typhimurium at a concentration of 100 ng/mL. N13 cells were submitted to a single treatment with LPS or resveratrol and to a combined treatment with resveratrol, followed up an hour later by LPS (Sigma Aldrich) for 72 h.
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9

Polyphenol Extracts and Purified Compounds

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The standardised plant polyphenolic extracts Belinal and Pycnogenol were obtained from Abies Labs and Plantex, respectively, and the purified polyphenols resveratrol (catalogue number R5010) and quercetin (catalogue number Q4951) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Phytochemical investigations of Belinal [21 (link)] and Pycnogenol [17 (link)] used in this study have been performed previously. Briefly, the Belinal water extract of silver fir (Abies alba) wood contains lignans, which constitute approximately 10% of the extract and include isolariciresinol, hydroxymatairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, lariciresinol, pinoresinol, and matairesinol [21 (link)]. All four of the tested substances were prepared as stock solutions at 10.0 mg/mL, with Belinal and Pycnogenol dissolved in ultrapure sterile water, and resveratrol and quercetin dissolved in 96% ethanol (Merck Milipore, Burlington, MA, USA). The working solution used for the cells contained <0.5% ethanol.
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10

Resveratrol's Impact on hSCAPs Viability

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The cell viability of resveratrol-treated hSCAPs was performed by the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT, Sigma-Aldrich) assay. resveratrol (trans-3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystibene; Sigma-Aldrich) was freshly prepared as a 100 μM stock solution by diluting with αMEM, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μM/mL streptomycin, and maintained in dark condition. The characterized hSCAPs were seeded in 96-well plates (Nunc™, Thermo Scientific) at a density of 1 × 104 cells/well. After 24 h, the hSCAPs were treated with different concentrations of resveratrol (0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, and 100 μM) for 6, 12, and 24 h. Then, the MTT assay was performed. The MTT working solution (0.5 mg/mL) was added, and the plates were incubated for an additional 2 h at 37 °C. After centrifugation, the solution was replaced with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Fisher Scientific). The absorbance of each well at 570 nm and 690 nm was measured with a micro-plate reader (Epoch, Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The percentage of cell viability of hSCAPs in resveratrol treatments (A570-A690 of experimental group ×  100/A570-A690 of control group) (n = 5) and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of resveratrol pre-treatment on hSCAPs were reported.
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