Bio amp fe231

To verify the performance of Alg-BA/OEGCG/NaCl conductive hydrogel as an IE platform, an ex vivo muscle defect model was set up using rat hind limb muscles (12-week-old, male) labeled as ‘distal muscle’ and ‘proximal muscle’. Two muscle tissues were freshly dissected and spaced with a distance of 4 mm and the hydrogel was filled in the space. One proximal muscle was electrically stimulated by waveform generator (Arbitrary, 1 Channel, 20 MHz, 33511B, Keysight Technologies, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA, USA). The EMG signals were recorded in another distal muscle by biosignal amplifier (Bio Amp FE231, AD instruments, Sydney, Australia) and the data acquisition device (PowerLab 8/35, AD instruments). Action potential signals were filtered on the authority of the ISEK (International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology) standard (1500 Hz low-pass). As a control, a direct contact muscle-to-muscle model was prepared without a space between two muscles.

After induction of anesthesia, rats were placed in a supine position, and cardiovascular monitoring consisting of pulse oximetry for SpO2 measurement, ECG and noninvasive measurement of NIBP was established.
Pulse oximetry was placed at the rodent’s paw by means of a commercially available infrared system (Radical-7, Masimo, Puchheim, Germany). A 3-channel ECG according to Eindhoven/Goldberger was derived using needle electrodes and a differential amplifier (BioAmp FE231, ADInstruments Ltd., Oxford, UK). In addition, NIBP measurement was performed using a commercially available device (IN125/R, ADInstruments Ltd., Oxford, UK) consisting of an inflatable tail cuff system in combination with a pulse sensor.
All parameters were measured and recorded during the entire time of surgery and stored for further analysis using Labchart (ADInstruments Ltd., Oxford, UK).

Hemoglobin oxygen saturation, respiratory rate per minute, heart rate, and core temperature were measured noninvasively and recorded. Blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate were monitored using an electrophysiological data acquisition system (PowerLab 16/35, AD Instruments, Castle Hill, Australia). Blood pressure was measured at the carotid artery with a 24-catheter employing a reusable BP transducer (MLT0380/D, AD Instruments, Castle Hill, Australia). The carotid artery was also used to collect blood samples and to generate hemorrhage. The tail vein of rats was cannulated for IV fluid infusion. Respiratory rate and heart rate were measured non-invasively and recorded. The respiration rate was measured using PowerLab-connected pulse transducers (TN1012/ST, AD Instruments, Castle Hill, Australia). Heart rate was measured using PowerLab-connected biological amplifiers (Bio Amp FE231, AD Instruments, Castle Hill, Australia).

Following induction of anesthesia, rats were positioned supine and monitoring was established, consisting of pulse oximetry for blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) measurement, electrocardiography (ECG), and noninvasive measurement of blood pressure (NIBP). Pulse oximetry was applied to the paw of the rodents using a commercially available infrared system (Radical-7, Masimo, Puchheim, Germany). A 3-lead Eindhoven/Goldberger ECG was derived using needle electrodes and a differential amplifier (BioAmp FE231, ADInstruments Ltd., Oxford, UK). In addition, NIBP was measured during first and second surgery with a commercially available device (IN125/R, ADInstruments Ltd., Oxford, UK) using an inflatable tail cuff in combination with a pulse sensor, to detect hypotension, as a consequence of hypovolemia or very deep anesthesia. Maintenance of adequate body temperature was ensured by a feedback-controlled heating pad (TCAT-2LV controller, Physitemp, Clifton, NJ, USA) with a rectal probe.
All parameters were measured and recorded throughout every procedure and stored for further analysis using Labchart (ADInstruments Ltd., Oxford, UK).