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4 protocols using varespladib

1

Recombinant Phospholipase A2 Proteins

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Human PLA2G1B was produced in E. coli (gift of Gerard Lambeau, purity > 98%) or CHO-S (purity > 98%, Merck or GTP). Human proPLA2G1B, PLA2GIIA, PLA2GIID, PLA2GX, and WT and H48Q porcine PLA2G1B were produced in E. coli (gift of Gerard Lambeau, purity > 98%). Recombinant HIV-1 gp41 MN protein was obtained from Antibodies online (gp41 MN (565-771Delta642-725), containing a deletion to remove the transmembrane domain of the protein, ABIN2129703, lot 93-482, purity > 95%) and the 3S peptide NH2-PWNASWSNKSLDDIW-COOH, 3S-like peptide OmpA Pg NH2-SGEGGWSNGSLVDIM-COOH, and scrambled 3S NH2-WNWDSKILSDPAWNS-COOH peptide were ordered from Covalab (purity > 98%). The HCV core protein was obtained from Prospec (HCV-011, purity > 95%) in PBS buffer with 0.002% SDS and the specificity of the effect due to HCV core protein evaluated by comparison with a similar dilution of PBS-0.002% SDS. Staphylococcus aureus protein A was obtained from Sigma (P6031). sPLA2 inhibitors were obtained from several providers: Pentapeptide (sPLA2-IIA Inhibitor I, 525145, Calbiochem, ordered from VWR), Varespladib (LY315920, S1110, Selleck ordered from Euromedex), and sPLA2R1 (murine soluble receptor, 5367-PL-050, R&D Systems).
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2

Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation Assay

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Doxycycline hyclate, Escherichia coli EH100 (Ra mutant) rough strain lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cholesterol were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich. EMEM was obtained from ATCC, and TaqMan quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) primers, TRIzol reagent, random primers, Superscript II, Lipofectamine RNAiMAX, Opti‐MEM, and penicillin‐streptomycin were from Life Technologies. The “high‐carb” TD.88122 mouse diet (contains 74% calories from carbohydrates) was from Harlan Laboratories. The AdEasy system was obtained from Agilent Technologies. Recombinant human pro–MMP‐2 was from EMD Millipore. Varespladib was from Selleck Chemicals. Recombinant human PLA2G10 was from ProSpec. Control and PLA2G5 siRNAs were from Qiagen. sPLA2 Assay Kit, cPLA2 Assay Kit, Prostaglandin E2 Express EIA Kit, 8‐isoprostane EIA Kit, antibodies against PLA2G5, and recombinant human PLA2G5 were obtained from Cayman Chemical. ECL Western blotting detection reagent was from GE Healthcare. Horseradish peroxidise–conjugated anti‐rabbit antibodies were from GE Healthcare or Bio‐Rad. Bio‐Rad Protein Assay was obtained from Bio‐Rad.
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Oil Red O Staining for Lipid Metabolism

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Oil Red O stain, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol were from Sigma‐Aldrich. Dulbecco minimum essential medium, antibodies against liver X receptor (LXR), TaqMan quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) primers, TRIzol reagent, random primers, Superscript II, and penicillin/streptomycin were from Life Technologies. SREBP‐2 antibody was from Abcam. The “high carb” TD.88122 mouse diet (74% calories from carbohydrates) was from Harlan Laboratories. Recombinant human pro–MMP‐2 was from EMD Millipore. Collagen‐coated cell dishes were from Greiner Bio‐One. Varespladib was from Selleck Chemicals. PNGase F was from Promega. Enhanced chemiluminescence western blotting detection reagent was from GE Healthcare. Horseradish peroxidase–conjugated antirabbit antibodies and Bio‐Rad Protein Assay were from Bio‐Rad. The Pierce bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit was from Thermo Scientific. MCP‐3, neutralizing MCP‐3 antibody, and control isotype‐matched IgG1 were from R&D Systems, Inc. Densitometry was performed using ImageQuant 5.1 (Molecular Dynamics).
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4

Quantifying SREBP-2 Pathway Activation

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Sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP‐2) antibody was purchased from Abcam. Varespladib was from Selleck Chemicals. PNGase F was from Promega. Enhanced chemiluminescence immunoblotting detection reagent was from GE Healthcare. HRP‐conjugated antirabbit antibodies and the Bio‐Rad Protein Assay kit were from Bio‐Rad Laboratories.
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