Silver nitrate (99.9%), chitosan (75–85% deacetylated; 50–190 kDa), itaconic acid (99%), acetic acid, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, ethylenediamine, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films (200 μm thickness; average molecular weight 18 kDa; 34.3% crystallinity) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol and distilled water were acquired from Baker (Mexico City, Mexico).
Itaconic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom
Itaconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is produced through the fermentation of carbohydrates. It is a clear, colorless, crystalline solid with a molecular formula of C5H6O4.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Succinic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Ammonium persulfate, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Methacrylic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Citric acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Glutaraldehyde, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Malic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Fumaric acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N hexane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trans aconitic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethyl malonate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
59 protocols using itaconic acid
1
Chitosan-Based Silver Nanocomposite Films
2
Formulation of Aqueous Coating Composition
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Example 23
To an ethylenically unsaturated, resin salt prepared using an ethylenically unsaturated, amine functional oligomer (10 g, Laromer PO 94F) and an ethylenically unsaturated, acid-functional compound (5 g, Itaconic acid, commercially available from Aldrich Chemical, Milwaukee, Wis.) was added a water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated oligomer (55 g, Laromer 8765) and water (30 g).
This example illustrates the assembly of a ternary, single phase, aqueous, coating composition comprised of a 15 wt. % ethylenically unsaturated, resin salt (prepared from a basic resin neutralized with acid), a water soluble, ethylenically unsaturated oligomer, and 30 wt. % water.
3
Aqueous Coating Composition Formulation
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Example 23
To an ethylenically unsaturated, resin salt prepared using an ethylenically unsaturated, amine functional oligomer (10 g, Laromer PO 94F) and an ethylenically unsaturated, acid-functional compound (5 g, Itaconic acid, commercially available from Aldrich Chemical, Milwaukee, Wis.) was added a water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated oligomer (55 g, Laromer 8765) and water (30 g).
This example illustrates the assembly of a ternary, single phase, aqueous, coating composition comprised of a 15 wt. % ethylenically unsaturated, resin salt (prepared from a basic resin neutralized with acid), a water soluble, ethylenically unsaturated oligomer, and 30 wt. % water.
4
Nickel-Chelating Hydrogel Synthesis
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The monomers, 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and Itaconic acid (IA) were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany and Fluka, Germany, respectively. Cross-linker-Ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), initiator-potassium persulfate (KPS) and activator -N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene diamine (TEMED) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. All chemicals were used as received. The solution of Nickel (1000 mg/L) was prepared with Ni(NO3)2·6H2O (Merck, Germany). All polymerizations and solution preparations were performed with distilled water.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Itaconic Acid Derivatives
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Itaconic acid (IA, Sigma-Aldrich®, Darmstadt, Germany), ammonium persulfate (Sigma-Aldrich®), acetone (≥99.5, Sigma-Aldrich®), 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol (Sigma-Aldrich®), sulfuric acid (99%, Sigma-Aldrich®), iodomethane (99%, Sigma-Aldrich®), anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich®), n-hexane (99%, Sigma-Aldrich®), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, >99%, Alfa Aesar®, Kandel, Germany), cellulose membrane D80 (Orange Scientific®, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium), deuterated DMSO solvent (DMSO-d6, Sigma-Aldrich®), gelatin (Scharlau®), starch (Nestlé Health Science®, Barcelona, Spain), glycerol (≥99%, Sigma-Aldrich®), dopamine hydrochloride (99%, Alfa Aesar™), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥98%, Sigma-Aldrich®), potassium carbonate (K2CO3, Sigma-Aldrich®), magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich®), phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4, Sigma-Aldrich®), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS, Sigma® A1888), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8, Sigma® 216224, Saint Louis, MO, USA), ethanol 96% vol. (Porta®), peptone (Britania®, CABA, Argentina), bacteriological agar (Britania®), Mueller–Hinton broth (Britania®), nutritive broth (Britania®), and sterile 96-well microplate (AP-Biotech®, Buenos Aires, Argentina) were used as received.
6
Cyclodextrin-Based Formulation Development
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ABZ, NaH 2 PO 2 .H 2 O, and itaconic acid (IA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany), a n d β -C D w a s d o n a t e d b y R o q u e t t e ( F r a n c e ) . Hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD) and methyl-β-CD (M-β-CD) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany). Absolute ethanol was obtained from Laboratorio Cicarelli (Argentina). RPMI 1640 medium was purchased from Gibco Laboratories (USA), fetal bovine serum from Natocor (Argentina), and gentamicin from Klonal (Argentina). All other chemicals used were of analytical reagent grade.
7
Chitosan-based Sorbents for Pharmaceutical Removal
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Commercial chitosan (CS) powder of high molecular weight (mol wt 310–375 kDa, >75% deacetylated, Sigma-Aldrich), succinic anhydride ≥99.0% (SUC), maleic anhydride ≥99.0% (MAL), itaconic acid ≥99.0% (ITA), and trans-aconitic acid 98.0% (TACON), ammonium persulfate ≥98.0% (APS), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The water used for the adsorption experiments was purified using a Barnstead water purification system (Dubuque, IA, USA). Diclofenac (DCF), salicylic acid (SAC), ibuprofen (IBF) and ketoprofen (KPF), with assays ≥99.9%, were kindly provided by Pharmathen SA (Athens, Greece).
8
Comprehensive HPLC Analysis of Sulfonamides
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SMR, sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), γ-MAPS and itaconic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), 2,2′-azobis (2-isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), cyclohexanol, dodecanol, acetic acid and sodium phosphate were purchased from J&K Chemical (Beijing, China). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol was obtained from Kermel (Tianjin, China). All other reagents were of analytical grade. Phosphate buffer was used for the pH range 3.0–7.0, and mixed with acetonitrile to form the different proportions of the mobile phase. The analyte mixture was prepared in acetonitrile and filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane. The concentration of the analytes was 1 mg ml−1.
9
Synthesis of Polyester Prepolymers
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Itaconic acid, 1,2-ethanediamine, 1,6-hexanediol, dimethyl sebacate, and Ti(IV) n-butoxide were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Standard laboratory solvents were obtained from Biosolve. Deuterated solvents were obtained from Buchem BV (Apeldoorn, The Netherlands). The purchased compounds were used directly without further purification, unless otherwise specified.
10
Endophthalmitis Induced by S. aureus
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Endophthalmitis was induced in WT, Nrf2−/− and Irg1−/− mice as described previously.68 (link) Briefly, mice were anesthetized and intravitreally injected with S. aureus RN6390 (5000 CFUs/eye in 2 μL volume) using a 32-G needle under an ophthalmoscope. Eyes injected with PBS served as controls. For treatment groups, itaconic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) or itaconate derivatives dimethyl itaconate (DMI, Sigma-Aldrich) or 4-octyl itaconate (OI) were injected intravitreally (10 μg/eye in 1μL volume) at 6 h post-infection.
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