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P iodonitrotetrazolium chloride int

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P-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) is a colorless, crystalline powder used in biochemical applications. It functions as an indicator of oxidation-reduction reactions, specifically in the detection of dehydrogenase enzyme activity. INT can be used in various laboratory procedures to measure cellular metabolic activity.

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Lab products found in correlation

Tryptic soy broth (tsb), by bioMérieux (7 mentions) Muller hinton broth, by bioMérieux (6 mentions) Ampicillin, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Chloramphenicol, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Griess reagent system, by Promega (4 mentions) 2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ciprofloxacin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Promega (3 mentions) Ellipticine, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Phenolic compound standards, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions) Cefepime, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Phenylalanine arginine naphthylamide pa n, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Streptomycin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Kanamycin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Erythromycin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Penicillin, by Promega (2 mentions) Streptomycin, by Promega (2 mentions) Mushroom tyrosinase enzyme, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Blood agar with 7 sheep blood, by bioMérieux (2 mentions)

21 protocols using p iodonitrotetrazolium chloride int

1

Antibiotics Susceptibility Screening

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Eight reference antibiotics (RA) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Quentin Fallavier, France) were tested: ampicillin (AMP), cefepime (CEF), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), erythromycin (ERY), kanamycin (KAN), streptomycin (STR), and tetracycline (TET). p-Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as bacterial growth revelator; dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used to dissolve the plant extracts.
Wamba B.E., Nayim P., Mbaveng A.T., Voukeng I.K., Dzotam J.K., Ngalani O.J, & Kuete V. (2018). Syzygium jambos Displayed Antibacterial and Antibiotic-Modulating Activities against Resistant Phenotypes. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2018, 5124735.
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2

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical Strains

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Doxycycline (200 mg, Combitic Global Caplet Pvt, India), erythromycin (erythromycine stearate 500 mg, Cipla Ltd, India), amoxicillin (amoxicillin trihydrate 500 mg, Maxheal Pharmaceutical Ltd, India) and ciprofloxacin (ZOFLOX, ciprofloxacine 750 mg, Odypharm) used as reference antibiotics were purchased from a local pharmacy. p-Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT, Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a microbial growth indicator (Mativandlela et al. 2006 ). Columbia agar supplemented with 5% (v/v) lacked horse blood (SR0048 Oxoid, Basingstoke, England) and 1% (v/v) Vitox was used for the activation of the tested clinical strains while Brian Heart Infusion (BHI) broth supplemented with 5% horse serum was used for antibacterial assays. CampyGen gas park (CN0024A Oxoid, Basingstoke, England) was used to generate microaerophilic conditions of culture.
Kouitcheu Mabeku L.B., Nanfack Nana B., Eyoum Bille B., Tchuenteu Tchuenguem R, & Nguepi E. (2017). Anti-Helicobacter pylori and antiulcerogenic activity of Aframomum pruinosum seeds on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 929-936.
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3

Isolation and Identification of Phytochemicals from Nauclea pobeguinii

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Compounds previously isolated from the bark of Nauclea pobeguinii included 3-acetoxy-11-oxo-urs-12-ene (1), p-coumaric acid (2), citric acid trimethyl ester (3), resveratrol (4), resveratrol β-D-glucopyranoside (5) and strictosamide (6) (Fig. 1). Their isolation and identification were previously reported [25 (link)]. Tetracycline (TET), cefepime (CEP), ciprofloxacin (CIP), chloramphenicol (CHL), ampicillin (AMP), streptomycin (STR), kanamycin (KAN) (Sigma-Aldrich, St Quentin Fallavier, France) were used as reference antibiotics (RA). p-Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT; Sigma-Aldrich) and Phenylalanine-Arginine-ß-Naphthylamide (PAßN; Sigma-Aldrich) were used as microbial growth indicator and efflux pumps inhibitor (EPI) respectively [27 (link), 28 (link)].

Chemical structures of the compounds isolated from Nauclea pobeguinii.1: 3-acetoxy-11-oxo-urs-12-ene; 2:p-coumaric acid; 3: citric acid trimethyl ester; 4: resveratrol; 5: resveratrol β-D-glucopyranoside; 6: strictosamide

Seukep J.A., Sandjo L.P., Ngadjui B.T, & Kuete V. (2016). Antibacterial and antibiotic-resistance modifying activity of the extracts and compounds from Nauclea pobeguinii against Gram-negative multi-drug resistant phenotypes. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16, 193.
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4

Antibiotic Susceptibility Evaluation

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Tetracycline (TET), ciprofloxacine (CIP), chloramphenicol (CHL), ampicillin (AMP) and kanamycin (KAN) (Sigma-Aldrich, St Quentin Fallavier, France) were used as reference antibiotics (RA). p-Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT, Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a microbial growth indicator [18 (link), 19 (link)].
Tankeo S.B., Tane P, & Kuete V. (2015). In vitro antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of the methanol extracts from Beilschmiedia acuta, Clausena anisata, Newbouldia laevis and Polyscias fulva against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15, 412.
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5

Antibiotic Susceptibility Assay with Efflux Inhibitor

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Tetracycline (TET), cefepime (CEP), ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), chloramphenicol (CHL), ampicillin (AMP), erythromycin (ERY), kanamycin (KAN) (Sigma-Aldrich, St Quentin Fallavier, France) were used as reference antibiotics (RA). p-Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT; Sigma-Aldrich) and Phenylalanine-Arginine-ß-Naphthylamide (PAßN; Sigma-Aldrich) were used as microbial growth indicator and efflux pumps inhibitor (EPI) respectively [18 (link), 19 (link)].
Dzotam J.K., Touani F.K, & Kuete V. (2016). Antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activities of three food plants (Xanthosoma mafaffa Lam., Moringa oleifera (L.) Schott and Passiflora edulis Sims) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16, 9.
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6

Antibiotic Resistance Evaluation Protocol

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A few reference antibiotics (RA), namely chloramphenicol (CHL), streptomycin (STR), erythromycin (ERY), norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ampicillin (AMP), and doxycycline (DOX) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Quentin Fallavier, France) were predominantly used for the sample association tests, and only one was used as a positive control. Dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich) was used to dissolve the samples before any tests. p-Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT; Sigma-Aldrich) and phenylalanine-arginine-ß naphthylamide (PAβN; Sigma-Aldrich) were used as microbial growth indicator and efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), respectively. Solvents used for extraction and purification of bioactive compounds were of analytical grade.
Guefack M.G., Ngangoue M.O., Mbaveng A.T., Nayim P., Kuete J.R., Ngaffo C.M., Chi G.F., Ngameni B., Ngadjui B.T, & Kuete V. (2022). Antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activity of the constituents from aerial part of Donella welwitshii (Sapotaceae) against multidrug resistant phenotypes. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 22, 194.
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7

Antibacterial Susceptibility of Campylobacter

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Culture media (Columbia Agar, Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), lacked horse blood, Horse Serum, Vitox Supplement) and CampyGen gas pack were obtained from Oxoid, Basingstoke, England. Doxycycline (doxycycline 200 mg, Combitic Global Caplet, India), metronidazole (metronidazole Tablets BP 500 mg, Strides Arcolab, India), and ciprofloxacin (zoflox, ciprofloxacin 750 mg, Odypharm) were used as reference antibiotics for the determination of the MIC and MBC and for the in vivo test were obtained from local pharmacy. P-Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT, Sigma-Aldrich) was used to indicate microbial growth [27 (link)].
Kouitcheu Mabeku L.B., Eyoum Bille B, & Nguepi E. (2016). In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Helicobacter Activities of Eryngium foetidum (Apiaceae), Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae), and Galinsoga ciliata (Asteraceae) against Helicobacter pylori. BioMed Research International, 2016, 2171032.
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8

Antibiotic Susceptibility Assay

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Eight reference antibiotics (RA) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Quentin Fallavier, France) were tested: ampicillin (AMP), cefepime (CEF), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), erythromycin (ERY), kanamycin (KAN), streptomycin (STR), and tetracycline (TET); p-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as bacterial growth revelator; carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs); and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used to dissolve the plant extracts.
Wamba B.E., Mbaveng A.T., Nayim P., Dzotam J.K., Ngalani O.J, & Kuete V. (2018). Antistaphylococcal and Antibiotic Resistance Modulatory Activities of Thirteen Cameroonian Edible Plants against Resistant Phenotypes. International Journal of Microbiology, 2018, 1920198.
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9

Antibacterial Screening of TLC Plates

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The TLC plates were prepared as described in Section 2.4 without spraying with vanillin-sulphuric acid and dried for 7 days under a stream of air to remove residual solvents. Plates were sprayed with 50 mL of concentrated suspension of fresh bacteria cultures, namely, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and incubated overnight at 37°C at 100% relative humidity. After incubation, plates were sprayed with 2 mg/mL solution of p-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) (Sigma). Retardation factor (Rf) values of inhibitory zones, depicted as white areas [17 (link)], where reduction of INT to formazan did not occur, were recorded.
Bagla V.P., Lubisi V.Z., Ndiitwani T., Mokgotho M.P., Mampuru L, & Mbazima V. (2016). Antibacterial and Antimetastatic Potential of Diospyros lycioides Extract on Cervical Cancer Cells and Associated Pathogens. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2016, 5342082.
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10

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

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P-Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT; Sigma-Aldrich) was used as microbial growth indicator and Chloramphenicol (CHL), Ampicillin (AMP), Amoxicillin (AMX), Penicillin (PEN), Cefotaxime (CEF; Sigma-Aldrich) were used as reference antibiotics.
Chukwujekwu J.C, & van Staden J. (2016). In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Combretum edwardsii, Combretum krausii, and Maytenus nemorosa and Their Synergistic Effects in Combination with Antibiotics. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 208.
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