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Tbbpa

Manufactured by Merck Group
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TBBPA is a chemical compound used in the manufacture of certain types of laboratory equipment. It functions as a flame retardant additive in the production of these specialized products. The core purpose of TBBPA is to provide enhanced fire safety properties to the final laboratory equipment.

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Lab products found in correlation

Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Flutamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) T0070907, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Gw3965, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Lg100268, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Gw9662, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ultima flo m permafluor e, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Dmem f12 medium, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions) H2dcfda, by Merck Group (1 mentions) C fos, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Nf κb p65, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Primary antibodies against β actin, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Lipofectamine 2000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) C jun, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Lamin b1, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Rpmi 1640, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Phospho p38 mapk, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)

19 protocols using tbbpa

1

Chemical Stock Solutions for Cell Assays

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Chemicals were purchased as follows: RSG (Sigma cat # R2408, ≥98%), tributyltin chloride (Aldrich cat # T50202, 96%), T0070907 (Tocris cat # 2301, >99%), GW9662 (Sigma cat # M6191, >98%), BPA (Sigma cat # 239658, >99%), TBBPA (Aldrich cat # 25,759–1, >99%), TCBPA (Aldrich cat # 330396, >99%), BPAF (TCI America cat # T0062, >99%), GW3965 (Sigma cat #G6295, ≥98%), E2 (Sigma cat # E8875, ≥98%), flutamide (Sigma cat # F9397, ≥99%), 1–850 (Millipore cat # 609315, ≥98%), DEX (Sigma cat # D1756, ≥98%), and LG100268 (Sigma cat # SML0279, ≥98%). Stock solutions were prepared in 100% DMSO (Sigma cat # D2650) and stored at −20 °C between uses.
Kassotis C.D., Masse L., Kim S., Schlezinger J.J., Webster T.F, & Stapleton H.M. (2017). Characterization of Adipogenic Chemicals in Three Different Cell Culture Systems: Implications for Reproducibility Based on Cell Source and Handling. Scientific Reports, 7, 42104.
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2

Organobromines Exposure Effects on C. elegans

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The organobromines TBBP-A (TCI Europe N.V., Belgian; purity >97%) and DBAA (Fluka Analytical, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; purity >98%) were added in concentrations of 0.1 µM and 50 µM TBBP-A, or 50 µM DBAA to the NGM agar and bacteria. DBAA (0.1 µM) was not tested, because it showed hardly any effect in the previously performed bioassay and microarray study [7 (link)]. In addition to the single substances, mixtures containing 0.1 µM TBBP-A and 50 µM DBAA and 50 µM of both substances were tested. Dimethyl sulfoxide (final concentration of 0.3% [v/v]) was used in all experiments as solvent and control.
Acute exposure included incubation for 24 h and 72 h at 20 °C to prior synchronised L4 larvae according to Ju et al. [6 (link)]. Chronically exposure included incubation of eggs until grown to desired examination stage (L1, L2/L3, L4 or A1). Prior to all experiments nematodes were synchronized [77 (link),78 (link)].
Lieke T., Steinberg C.E., Ju J, & Saul N. (2015). Natural Marine and Synthetic Xenobiotics Get on Nematode’s Nerves: Neuro-Stimulating and Neurotoxic Findings in Caenorhabditis elegans. Marine Drugs, 13(5), 2785-2812.
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3

Radiolabeled TBBPA Protocol

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[14C]-labeled TBBPA (ring-labeled; Figure 1, Lot # 3225-235, Perkin Elmer Life and Analytical Sciences [Boston, MA], re-purified in 2013 by Moravek Biochemicals [Brea, CA]) and used in these studies had a radiochemical purity of >98% (specific activity = 90.3 mCi/mmol) and a relative chemical purity of >98%, as compared to a TBBPA reference standard (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO). Scintillation cocktails were obtained from MP Biomedicals (Ecolume; Santa Ana, CA) or Perkin-Elmer (Ultima-Flo M & PermaFluor E+; Torrance, CA). All other reagents used in these studies were high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or analytical grade.
Knudsen G.A., Hall S.M., Richards A.C, & Birnbaum L.S. (2017). TBBPA disposition and kinetics in pregnant and nursing Wistar Han IGS rats. Chemosphere, 192, 5-13.
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4

Antioxidant Assay Protocol

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TBBPA, H2DCFDA, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without Ca2+ and Mg2+, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), fetal bovine serum (FBS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The DMEM/F12 medium was purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). H2DCFDA stock solution was prepared by dissolving the compounds in DMSO. TBBPA, NAC, and DPPH· were dissolved in ethanol.
Szychowski K.A., Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk K., Leja M.L., Wójtowicz A.K, & Gmiński J. (2016). Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cell-free model using the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) assay—limitations of method. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 23, 12246-12252.
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5

Investigating Molecular Pathways in TBBPA Exposure

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The TBBPA (97%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). RPMI 1640, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin-streptomycin were obtained from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Lipofectamine 2000TM was obtained from Life Technologies, Inc (Carlsbad, CA, USA). A dual-luciferase assay system was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Inhibitors against LY294002, PD98059, SB203580, and SP600125 were obtained from Calbiochem (La Jolla, CA, USA). Primary antibodies against phospho-Akt, phospho-ERKl/2, phospho-p38 MAPK, phospho-JNK1/2, ERKl/2, p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, and secondary antibodies against horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-linked anti-mouse or antirabbit IgG were obtained from Cell Signaling Technologies (Beverly, MA, USA). Primary antibodies against β-actin, Lamin B1, NF-κB p65, c-Fos, c-Jun, Akt, and PKCα were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) oligonucleotide primers were custom synthesized by Bioneer Co. (Daejeon, Korea). Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) system were obtained from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech (Piscataway, NJ, USA).
Lee G.H., Jin S.W., Kim S.J., Pham T.H., Choi J.H, & Jeong H.G. (2018). Tetrabromobisphenol A Induces MMP-9 Expression via NADPH Oxidase and the activation of ROS, MAPK, and Akt Pathways in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells. Toxicological Research, 35(1), 93-101.
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6

Preparation of HBCD and TBBPA Solutions

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HBCD and TBBPA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Stock solutions were prepared as 100 mM solutions in Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Desired concentrations of either HBCD or TBBPA were prepared by dilution of the stock into media.
Yasmin S, & Whalen M. (2018). Flame Retardants, Hexabromocyclododecane (HCBD) and Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), Alter Secretion of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα) from Human Immune Cells. Archives of toxicology, 92(4), 1483-1494.
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7

Investigating TBBPA-Mediated Inflammatory Responses

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TBBPA (97% purity), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), indomethacin, and NS-398 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TBBPA was prepared in DMSO as a 50 mM stock solution. RPMI medium 1640, fetal bovine serum (FBS), OptiMem 1 reduced-serum medium, Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS), 0.25% trypsin/EDTA solution and penicillin/streptomycin (P/S) were purchased from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
Park H.R., Kamau P.W., Korte C, & Loch-Caruso R. (2014). Tetrabromobisphenol A Activates Inflammatory Pathways in Human First Trimester Extravillous Trophoblasts in vitro. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 50, 154-162.
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8

Oral Delivery of TBBPA and Diclazuril

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TBBPA (Sigma) was delivered by oral gavage in corn oil containing 2% Et-OH as a saline suspension, in a dose of 150 mg/bwkg/day as described [27 (link)]. The treatment lasted 6 days, and control animals received the vehicle. Diclazuril (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was delivered by oral gavage in a dose of 10.0 mg/bwkg/day as a saline suspension as described [44 (link)]. Diclazuril treatment lasted 5 days, and control animals received the vehicle. Following the last treatment, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation, and trunk blood was collected. Peripheral tissues and brain regions were harvested and flash-frozen in dry ice. The PVN and ARC-ME regions were microdissected with the Palkovits punch technique; bone was collected from the distal part of the tibia and skeletal muscle was collected from musculus gastrocnemius. Treatment for in vivo imaging was continued for 14 days, followed by a 7-day-long withdrawal.
Sinkó R., Rada K., Kollár A., Mohácsik P., Tenk M., Fekete C, & Gereben B. (2022). Tetrabromobisphenol A and Diclazuril Evoke Tissue-Specific Changes of Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Male Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(23), 14782.
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9

Dose Preparation of TBBPA in Sesame Oil

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TBBPA was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (CAS# 79–94-7, 97% purity, lot #MKBG4059 V). Stock solutions were prepared by dissolving TBBPA in ethanol (Warner-Graham Company, Cockeysville, MD) and adding appropriate volumes to known volumes of refined sesame seed oil (Jedwards International, Inc, Braintree, MA). After mixing, ethanol was removed under a stream of nitrogen with gentle stirring in a fume hood. Individual doses were made weekly and kept at room temperature in color-coded glass vials. Oral dosing and subsequent testing were performed in a blinded fashion to minimize bias.
Rock K.D., Gillera S.E., Devarasetty P., Horman B., Knudsen G., Birnbaum L.S., Fenton S.E, & Heather B. P. (2019). Sex-specific behavioral effects following developmental exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in Wistar rats. Neurotoxicology, 75, 136-147.
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10

Adipogenesis Assay Reagents

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Rosiglitazone was from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). DMSO was from American Bioanalytical (Natick, MA). Insulin, Nile Red, p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) reagent, TBT chloride, TPhT chloride, and TBBPA were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). MEHP was from TCI America (Portland, OR). METBP was synthesized by AsisChem (Waltham, MA). All other reagents were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Suwanee, GA).
Watt J, & Schlezinger J.J. (2015). Structurally-diverse, PPARγ-activating environmental toxicants induce adipogenesis and suppress osteogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Toxicology, 331, 66-77.
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