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63 protocols using drop shape analyzer dsa100

1

Wettability Analysis of Electrode Surfaces

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The wettability of the electrode materials surface was determined by measuring the contact angle at room temperature using standard liquids based on the static method of a sessile drop. Water, formamide, diiodomethane and glycerol were chosen as measuring liquids with known surface tension. The contact angle values given are mean values measured at various positions on the electrode surface. Drop shape analysis (with a volume of 2 µL or 4 µL) was carried out using the circle method and the Young-Laplace method [58 (link),59 (link),60 (link)]. Measurements were made using a KRÜSS Drop Shape Analyzer—DSA100 (Hamburg, Germany). Free surface energy and its components were determined based on the results of direct contact angle measurements calculated by means of the OWRK method [61 (link),62 (link),63 (link),64 (link),65 (link),66 (link),67 (link)].
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2

Hydrophilicity Characterization of Functionalized Membranes

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The hydrophilicity of the functionalized membranes was determined by contact angle measurements as well as indirectly by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, DLD Axis Ultra, Kratos, Manchester, UK) investigations of the chemical composition (O:S ratio) of the inner surfaces in comparison to the outer surface. XPS was carried out by an Al-Kα X-ray source (monochromator) operated at 225 W. For the survey spectra, a pass energy (PE) of 160 eV was used, while for the region scans, PE was 40 eV. Spectra were calibrated to the binding energy of the C1s of 284.5 eV, charge neutralization was necessary for all samples. Data analysis was carried out by CASAXPS V.2.3.18 software. For deconvolution of the region files, background subtraction (U2 Tougaard) was performed before calculation.
Contact angle measurements (Krüss Drop Shape Analyzer DSA100, Krüss GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) were carried out at room temperature using lengthwise cut hollow fiber membranes which were fixed on a glass plate. The sessile drop method was applied. To avoid the effect of surface porosity as much as possible, a high-speed analysis mode with 45 frames per second was used for the investigations. The contact angle of each membrane was determined after 0.2 s and averaged over five measurements on different areas on the inner and outer surface.
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3

Electrospun Scaffold Wettability Assessment

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Water contact angle measurements were used to explore the surface wettability of the electrospun scaffold. All images of distilled water dropped onto the electrospun scaffolds were recorded using a Drop Shape Analyzer DSA100 (KRUSS GmbH, Hamburg, Germany), the images of the droplets on the scaffolds after 100 s were visualized and analyzed. The reported contact angle is the average of 3 measurements from different positions.
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4

Surface Hydrophobicity and Water Vapor Permeability Evaluation

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The water contact angle of the sample was measured using a Drop Shape Analyzer (DSA100, KRUSS, Berlin, Germany) to evaluate the surface hydrophobicity of the film samples. The film samples were fixed on the glass slide with double-sided tape. An automatic pipette was used to carefully apply a drop (4 μL) of distilled water onto the film surface. Parallel tests were performed six times and the results were averaged.
The WVTR (W3/031, Labthink, Jinan, China) measurements were performed according to the standard ASTM Standard E96/E96M-05 for cup method water vapor permeability [34 (link)] testing at 25 °C with 90% RH. Weights were monitored every 30 min until constant.
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5

Electrode Surface Wettability Measurement

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The wettability of the surface of the electrode materials was determined by measuring the contact angle at room temperature, using standard liquids based on the sitting drop static method. The reported contact angle values are average values, measured at different positions on the electrode surface. Drop shape analysis (with a volume of 2 µL or 4 µL) was performed using the circle method and the Young–Laplace method [1 (link),5 (link),40 (link),42 (link),43 (link),44 (link),45 (link)]. Measurements were made using the KRÜSS Drop Shape Analyzer—DSA100 apparatus.
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6

Zirconia Surface Wettability Analysis

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Contact angle was determined using the sessile drop method (Drop shape analyzer DSA100, KRÜSS, Germany). Purified water and diiodomethane were used as probe-liquids. Three zirconia samples of each group were tested. Surface free energy (SFE) was calculated in accordance with the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble (OWRK) method [33 ].
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7

Surface Wettability Characterization

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The surface wettability was performed with Drop
Shape Analyzer DSA-100
(Krüss GmbH, Hannover, Germany) by a sessile drop method to
measure the static contact angle. The contact angle on the surface
was analyzed immediately after plasma treatment by adding a 2.5 μL
drop of deionized water on 8 different areas of the surface. Three
measurements were performed for each sample, and the average value
was calculated. The relative humidity was around 45% and the operating
temperature was 21 °C, which did not vary significantly during
continuous measurements.
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8

Zeta Potential and Contact Angle Measurements

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All zeta potential measurements were performed using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS instrument equipped with an internal Peltier temperature controller. Samples were injected into a disposable zeta cuvette and experiments were carried out at 25 °C. Contact-angle measurements were performed using KRÜSS Drop Shape Analyzer DSA100 instrument. All of the samples were dried and coated on a flat glass surface. Typically, the water drop volume was 2.0 μl.
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9

Comprehensive Surface Characterization of Membranes

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Membrane surface composition analysis was performed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy (VERTEX 70, Bruker, UK). Surface morphologies were inspected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Jeol JSM-6480LV, UK) and atomic force microscope (AFM, Bruker Dimension Icon, UK). In AFM measurements, a PeakForce Tapping mode was used to create AFM images using a silicon nitride probe (ScanAsyst®-Air) with scanning speed of 0.5 Hz. A 2.5 μm × 2.5 μm area of the membrane surface was scanned to calculate the root mean square (rms) roughness from the height profile of three-dimensional AFM images. Static contact angles of the membranes were measured (n ≥ 4) to test their hydrophilicity, using a contact angle machine (Drop Shape Analyzer DSA100, KRÜSS, Germany). The water flux through the membrane (L/(m 2 •h)) was measured (n ≥ 6) using dead-end stirred cells (Amicon®, UK), using ultrapure water. Because the tested membranes have micrometer-sized pores, all fluxes were measured under a constant pressure difference of 0.2 bar.
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10

Wettability of Plasma-Treated Bean Seeds

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We recorded the WCA on native and plasma-treated bean seeds as a measure of surface wettability. Static WCA by the sessile drop method was evaluated using the Drop Shape Analyzer DSA-100 (Krüss GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). A droplet of deionized (DI) water with a volume of V = 1 μL was placed onto a reasonably flat part of the bean seed surface. The measurements were performed at ambient conditions. For each treatment condition, WCA was measured immediately after plasma treatment, as well as after the following exposure times to ambient air: 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 days, and 1 month. WCA at two different positions on each seed surface was analyzed, and an average WCA from three equally treated seeds was calculated.
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