Lipopolysaccharide

Forty-eight BALB/c mice (half male and half female; body mass 22–28 g) were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of Lanzhou University (No. SCXK (Gan) 2018-0002). The mice were housed at a temperature of (25 ± 1)°C, relative humidity of 65% ± 10%, and a 12 hr light–dark cycle. All studies were conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and in compliance with the regulations of the Gansu Provincial Animal Management Committee. All necessary efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and reduce the number of animals used in the experiments.
Lipopolysaccharide and morroniside were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. Anti-iNOS, anti-COX2, anti-Arg-1, anti-CD206, anti-JAK2, anti-p-JAK2, anti-STAT3, anti-p-STAT3, and goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β ELISA kits were purchased from Shanghai ZCIBIO Technology Co., Ltd. PBS and trypan-blue solution were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd. A bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA)-100 Protein Quantitative Analysis Kit was purchased from Shanghai Biocolor Biotechnology Co., Ltd. RIPA and BCA protein assay kits were purchased from Beyotime, Beijing. ECL was purchased from Affinity, Shanghai. AG490 was purchased from Shanghai Zerun Bio.

Loach were purchased from Tianjin WangDingDi Agricultural Trade Market, Tianjin, China; C dimethyl sulfoxide and Sephadex G-100 were purchased from Beijing Soleibao Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China); high-sugar DMEM medium supplemented with 100 IU/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin, fetal bovine serum, neutral red, RAW 264.7 cell, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Beijing Dingguo Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Lipopolysaccharide was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Assay kits for interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Rabbit anti-murine TLR4, MyD88, JNK, p38, and β-actin antibody were purchased from Abcam (Beijing, China). All other reagents were of analytical grade.