The brain CT scans were made with a Philips Brilliance 64-slice or 256-slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands). The brain from the patient who donated her body to the Department of Anatomy was removed from the skull before scanning. The brains from the patients from the Department of Pathology were scanned surrounded by the skull. Non-contrasted thin slice reconstructions (0.8–1.0 mm) were analysed for hippocampal calcifications in different reconstructions, axial, coronal, and sagittal in the brain window setting (Center: 40 Hounsfield Units, Width: 80 Hounsfield Units) using the Philips IntelliSpace Portal 7.0 (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands). Calcifications were bilaterally scored on severity as absent, mild (one dot), moderate (multiple dots) or severe (confluent) (Fig 1 ) as described first by Kockelkoren et al. [8 (link)]. Calcifications on the CT scans are seen as a group of white voxels with a density similar to bone (Fig 1 ). The hippocampi were scored by an experienced observer. His agreement in comparison with other observers was previously investigated (kappa 0.80) [8 (link)]. The observer was blinded to the histological results.
Intellispace portal 7
Manufactured by Philips
Sourced in United States
IntelliSpace Portal 7.0 is a comprehensive advanced visualization and analysis platform for medical imaging data. It provides clinicians with a suite of tools to review, analyze, and interpret medical images from various modalities, including CT, MRI, PET, and others. The platform offers features for tasks such as image processing, quantitative analysis, and collaboration among healthcare professionals.
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Lab products found in correlation
8 protocols using intellispace portal 7
1
Quantification of Hippocampal Calcifications in Brain CT Scans
2
Hippocampal Calcification Assessment via CT
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Brain CT examinations were acquired on a Philips Brilliance 64-slice or 256-slice CT scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands). Patients were scanned from the skull base to the vertex. The non-contrast enhanced thin slice reconstructions (0.625–1 mm) were rated blinded and individually by two experienced radiologists with 14 and 16 years of experience in reading (brain) CT scans. Images were analyzed in axial, coronal and sagittal plane in the brain window setting (Center: 40, Width: 100) using the Philips IntelliSpace Portal 7.0 (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands). Calcifications were scored bilaterally in the hippocampus as absent, mild (one dot), moderate (multiple dots) or severe (confluent) (Fig 1 ). Calcifications are seen in the brain CT window setting as white (clustered) dense configurations comparable to bone and had to be clearly located in the hippocampus. In case of disagreement between both readers, a consensus reading determined the final score.
3
Image Quality Evaluation Protocol
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Image analysis was performed by IntelliSpace Portal 7.0 workstation (Philips Healthcare, Chicago, IL). Images were reconstructed in 0.625 slice thickness and displayed as 2000 × 350 HU (level × width) and s-3 filter. Authors and otolaryngologist (blind regarding dose) were evaluated in coronal and axial images independently. Anatomical structures of the optical nerve (cranial nerve II) next to the sphenoid sinus, the anterior branch of the ethmoidal artery, lamina papyracea, and cribriform plate were evaluated. The image qualities were graded as, 1: unacceptable image quality, 2: many artifacts (poor image quality), 3: rare artifacts (moderate image quality), 4: good image quality, and 5: excellent image quality.[2 (link)]
4
Automated Lung Image Analysis for Emphysema and Airway Assessment
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The CT images were analyzed with an automated lung image analysis tool (IntelliSpace Portal 7.0; Philips Healthcare). This tool performs 4 steps: lung segmentation, lung density measurement, airway extraction, and airway measurement. The lungs and lobes are segmented using a model-based algorithm and the trachea are extracted automatically to verify airway extraction. The low lung attenuation area threshold can be preselected; −950 HU was used in this study. For quantitative analysis of the low lung attenuation area volume, classical indexes of emphysema parameters, including total lung volume, emphysema volume with a threshold of −950 HU, and emphysema index (EI), were obtained automatically (Fig. 2A ).
For quantitative analysis of airway wall thickness, the Weinheimer method was used. In brief, the proximal portion of the right upper lobe apical segmental bronchus was selected, after which several parameters were measured automatically at that bronchus: luminal area (LA), airway wall area (WA), and wall area percentage (WA% = WA / [WA + LA]) (Fig. 2B ).
For quantitative analysis of airway wall thickness, the Weinheimer method was used. In brief, the proximal portion of the right upper lobe apical segmental bronchus was selected, after which several parameters were measured automatically at that bronchus: luminal area (LA), airway wall area (WA), and wall area percentage (WA% = WA / [WA + LA]) (
5
Scoring Basal Ganglia Calcifications in CT Scans
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The 22 unenhanced CT scans of the brain were anonymized. They were acquired on Philips Brilliance 64-slice to 256-slice CT scanners (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) and reconstructed in thin slices (max 1 millimeter). Basal ganglia calcifications were scored as absent, mild (one dot), moderate (multiple dots or a single artery), or severe (confluent) (Fig. 1 ) [4 (link)]. Three experienced radiologists (***, ***, ***) blinded to the histological report scored all the scans together in a consensus meeting, using the Philips IntelliSpace Portal 7.0 (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) in the brain window setting (center 40 Hounsfield units, width 80 Hounsfield units) and axial, coronal, and sagittal views.
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6
Preprocessing of Axial CT Images
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Axial CT images of both the study group and control group were reconstructed to obtain a straight position of the head using IntelliSpace software (IntelliSpace Portal 7.0, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands). Irrelevant slices, defined as slices above the skull and below the foramen magnum, were removed. Additionally, we reconstructed new slices with a slice thickness of 1 mm (range: 1.00 to 1.06 mm) using the thin submillimeter slices of the original scans (for details, see Appendix Table 3 ). Finally, the surrounding structures, such as hair, pillows, and sheets, around the brain visible on the original CT scans of the control group were removed by thresholding.
7
Quantitative CT Emphysema Analysis
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For quantitative analysis of emphysema volume, all CT images were analyzed with commercial software (IntelliSpace Portal 7.0 Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, USA). This tool performs 4 steps: (1) lung segmentation, (2) lung density measurement, (3) airway extraction, and (4) airway measurement. Total lung volume and emphysema volume with a threshold of −950 HU were measured, then EI were automatically obtained.
8
PET-based Metabolic Tumor Analysis
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The 18F-FDG PET images were analyzed by two experienced independent observers blinded from any clinical information. On a dedicated workstation, Philips IntelliSpace Portal 7.0 (Philips, Amsterdam, Holland), metabolic parameters were measured in all baseline PET/CT scans. SUVmax was calculated automatically by the workstation. MTV was measured by setting the tumor marginal threshold of liver SUVmean plus 3SDs. SUVmean in liver was calculated in a standard-sized ROI of 3cm in diameter [27 (link)]. TLG was the sum of the products of MTV and SUVmean in all measured lesions.
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