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16 protocols using immunocult

1

Culturing CAR-T Cells and TILs

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CAR-T cells were cultured in (45% RPMI-1640 (Corning) 45% Click’s medium (Irvine Scientific), 10% FBS (Sigma-Aldrich), 100 unit/mL of Penicillin and 100 mg/mL of streptomycin (Thermo Scientific, 15140122) with IL-7 (10 ng/mL; PeproTech) and IL-15 (5 ng/mL; PeproTech), supplemented by 10% BenchMark Fetal Bovine Serum (GeminiBio, 100–106), or ImmunoCult (STEMCELL, 10981) + 50 ng/mL IL-2 (PeproTech, 200–02). When indicated CAR-T were treated with CD38 inhibitor 1uM 78c (6391, Toris). CD8+ TILs were cultured in ImmunoCult (STEMCELL, 10981) + 50 ng/mL IL-2 (PeproTech, 200–02). Jurkat and patient derived tumour cell lines 10101 and 10164 were cultured in RPMI (Corning, 10–040-CV) supplemented with 10% BenchMark Fetal Bovine Serum (GeminiBio, 100–106) and 1% Penicillin-streptomycin (Thermo Scientific, 15140122). Patient derived cell line 10170 were cultured in SMGM (Lonza, CC-3182). All cells were cultured at 37 °C in 5% CO2 humidity and were tested routinely for mycoplasma using MycoAlert mycoplasma detection kit (Lonza, LT07–318) and appropriate positive control (Lonza, LT-07–518).
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2

Cell Line Culturing and Compound Treatments

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The human malignant T-cell lines, Hut78, HH and Jurkat, and human malignant B-cell lines Daudi, Toledo, were obtained from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). Human CTCL line MyLa was generous gift from Dr. Reinhard Dummer, Dr. Emmanuel Contassot, and Dr. Lars French (University of Zurich). HH, Jurkat, Myla, Daudi and Toledo were propagated in RPMI-1640 media (ATCC) and Hut78 was propagated in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM; ATCC). The following compounds were added to the media: 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin, 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin, and 0.1 mg/mL Amphotericin B (Gibco, Gaithersburg, MD). Cells were kept in a humidified incubator at 37°C with a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Normal CD4+ T-cells (NTCs) from healthy donors were obtained from Astarte Biologics, Bothell, WA and maintained in X-VIVO15 (Lonza) media supplemented with human CD3/CD28/CD2 T cell activator (Immunocult, Stemcell Technologies, Cambridge, MA) and 50 IU/mL IL2 (BioVision, Milpitas, CA). Where indicated, cells were incubated with phenformin (10 μM), metformin (5 mM), N-acetylcysteine (4 mM), mitoTEMPO (30 μM), rotenone (1 μM), oligomycin (1 μg/mL), CoCl2 (100 μM) all from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis; MO, PX-478 (30 μM), MG-132 (25 μM), and IOX2 (50 μM), are from Selleckchem, Houston, TX.
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3

Lentiviral Transduction of TCR in CD8+ T Cells

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We generated TCR constructs as previously described18 and cloned them into an empty pCDH (System Biosciences) vector driven by the MSCV promoter. Lentivirus was generated using the Virapower (ThermoFisher Scientific) system and concentrated 10 times using an Amicon Ultra column. Freshly thawed CD8+ T cells from an HLA-A2/B8/A1 negative donor were stimulated with Immunocult (StemCell Technologies) and incubated with the concentrated virus for 2-3 days. The cells were expanded for a minimum of ten days and then assessed for murine TCRβ chain expression.
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4

Investigating MDSC-mediated T-cell suppression

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Fresh PBMCs and tumor homogenates were used immediately after isolation as described above. MDSCs were isolated from tumor homeogenates, and CD8 T cells were isolated from PBMCs using CD33 microbeads (Miltenyi) or CD8 microbeads (Miltenyi). The cells were cocultured at an MDSC:T-cell ratio of 1:4 in a U-bottom plate for 5 days in complete RPMI in the presence of 30 IU of IL-2 (proleukin) and human CD2/CD3/CD28 T-cell activator at a final concentration of 25 µL/mL (Immunocult, StemCell). For Siglec-9 blocking, a Siglec-9 blocking antibody (Clone 191240, R&D Systems) was added at a final concentration of 10 µg/mL. For sialidase treatment, MDSCs were pretreated and washed before being added to the wells as described below.
The supernatants were frozen at −80 °C, and the cells were stained for flow cytometry.
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5

CAR-T Cell Cytotoxicity Assay

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CAR-T cells were cultured in Immunocult (STEMCELL Technologies; supplemented with 1% PenStrep) under the following conditions for 24 hours: without treatment, with 250 μM adenosine, or with 10 mM MNA. After pretreatment, CAR-T cells were washed with PBS and cocultured with 20,000 SK-OV-3 cells [ATCC; expanded in McCoy 5A medium (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% PenStrep] in supplemented Immunocult media in triplicate at an effector-to-target ratio of 10:1. SK-OV-3 cells and SK-OV-3 cells lysed with digitonin (0.5 mg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Following 24 hours of coculture, supernatants were collected, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions (LDH Glo Cytotoxicity Assay Kit, Promega). LDH supernatant was diluted 1:50 in LDH buffer. Percent killing was measured using the following formula: % killing = corrected killing/maximum killing × 100%, where corrected killing = coculture − T cells alone, and maximum killing = positive control − negative control.
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6

Targeted Knockdown of Immune Regulators

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Cells were transfected with 250–500 pmol TIM-3 siRNA (ThermoFisher Scientific, 4392420), CEACAM1 siRNA (Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT), Coralville, IA) or nonspecific siRNA scramble control (Thermo Fisher, 12935300) (see Supplemental Table 1 for siRNA sequences) using a P3 kit for the Amaxa 4D Nucleofector (Lonza). All cells were assessed for knockdown efficiency by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry or western blotting on days 3–4 post-transfection. Freshly isolated T cells were transfected immediately post negative selection, allowed to rest for 30 min, and activated with Immunocult (Stem Cell Technologies) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Late-stage T cells (days 10–14 post-activation) were transfected on day 10 and assessed for knockdown efficiency on day 13 post-activation.
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7

CRISPR-Cas9 transfection of human T cells

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Prior to electroporation, J77 cells were washed first with PBS or HBSS, and afterwards with Opti-MEM (Gibco). Cells were then resuspended in Opti-MEM at 30 × 106 cells/mL and 400 μL (12 × 106 cells/mL) were added to each 4 mm Bio-Rad cuvette together with the corresponding plasmids (a total of 10 μg of DNA). Cells were electroporated with a Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation System (Bio-Rad) at 240 mV and 975 μF. After electroporation, J77 cells were cultured in medium containing 5% FBS. Dead cells were discarded using Biocoll Separating Solution (Biochrom, L6115) and GFP + cells were isolated by FACS sorting.
Human CD4 + T cells isolated from healthy donor’s buffy coats and activated for 2 or 3 days were nucleofected with CRISPR-Cas9 plasmids using Amaxa Human T cell Nucleofector Kit (Lonza, VPA-1002) and Amaxa Nucleofector II (Lonza). In each cuvette, a total of 5–6 × 106 pre-activated cells (2–3 days with ImmunoCult™, STEMCELL Technologies, 10971) and 1–5 μg of DNA were placed and T-020 programme was set. Nucleofected cells were rested overnight, sorted to isolate GFP + cells and αCD3αCD28 re-activated. Pre- and post-nucleofection human CD4 + T cells were cultured in X-VIVO 15 (Lonza).
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8

Evaluating MALT1 Inhibitor Cytotoxicity

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Jurkat human T-cell line (ATCC, clone E6.1) was exposed to a range of MALT1i concentrations and assessed for viability and inhibition of cytokine expression following cell activation. Cells were cultured in RPMI/10% FBS (Thermofisher, Waltham, MA) and maintained under a concentration of 3 x 106 cells/ml. MALT1i at different concentrations were stamped by ECHO onto 384-well plates (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) following which cells were plated in fresh media and incubated for 30 min before stimulation with soluble α-CD3/-CD28/-CD2 (ImmunoCult, Stemcell Technologies, Vancouver, Canada) for 24 h. Supernatants were collected and processed immediately for cytokine analysis or stored at -80°C. To assess viability of cells treated with compound, cells were lysed with CTG reagent (Promega, Madison, WI), and measured by luminometer.
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9

Primary Human T Cell Isolation and Culture

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Leukopaks from deidentified healthy donors with Institutional Review Board-approved consent forms and protocols were purchased from StemCell Technologies (200-0092). For screens, residuals from leukoreduction chambers after Trima Apheresis from deidentified healthy donors with Institutional Review Board-approved consent forms and protocols were purchased from Vitalant (formerly known as Blood Centers of the Pacific). Primary Human T cells were isolated using EasySep Human T cell isolation kit (17951) according to the manufacturer’s protocol using the EasySep magnets. The cells were seeded in appropriate culture vessels and activated with Immunocult (Stem Cell Technologies, 10971) at 12.5 μl ml−1. Cells were kept in culture at a 106 cells per ml density throughout, and cultured with IL-2 at 50 IU ml−1 (unless otherwise specified). Cells were cultured in X-Vivo-15 medium which was supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum, 50 µM 2-mercaptoethanol, and 10 mM N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were frozen down at 5 × 107 cells per vial using Bambanker (Bulldog Bio) serum-free cell freezing medium.
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10

CAR T Cell Transduction and HIV Infection

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After transduction, CAR T cells were activated with CD3/CD28 antibodies (ImmunoCult, StemCell, Vancouver BC, Canada) for 48 h. Then, cells were spinoculated with eGFP-HIV MOI 0.1 at 1250× g for 2 h and incubated with virus overnight. Infection was analyzed as eGFP expression by flow cytometry (MACSQuant 16, Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany).
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