Sk mel 5

HUVEC-C, 143B, A-549, HeLa, U2OS, and 4T1 cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Caki-1, DU145, HT-29, HCT 116, MCF-7, NCI-H23, NCI-H522, NCI-H460, PC-3, SK-MEL-2, SK-MEL-5, SK-MEL-28, U-87MG, CT-26, and RenCa were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (KCLB, Seoul, Korea). The cells were maintained with ATCC and KCLB recommended media, respectively, and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The Wyeth-calf adapted strain VACV (VR-1536, New York City Department of Health Laboratories) was purchased from the ATCC, amplified in HeLa cells, and quantified while using a VACV titration protocol [40 (link)]. In this study, all of the incubation and infection steps were performed at 37 °C in 5% CO₂, and all chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), unless otherwise specified.

The human melanoma MNT-1 cell line was kindly provided by Dr. Ai-Young Lee at Dongguk University, who originally received it as a gift from Dr. Vincent J. Hearing at National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA [42 (link)]. The cells were cultured at 37°C in MEM (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA) containing 20% FBS, 10% DMEM (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland), 20 mM HEPES and antibiotics. The WM266-4 human melanoma cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). The SK-MEL-1, SK-MEL-2, SK-MEL-3, and SK-MEL-5 human melanoma cell lines were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank (KCLB, Seoul, Korea). Those cells were maintained at 37°C in RPMI1640 medium (Gibco) containing 10% FBS and antibiotics. Normal human melanocytes (Cascade Biologics, Portland, OR, USA) were cultured in M254 medium (Cascade) containing human melanocyte growth supplement-2 (Cascade). Endo H and PNGase F were purchased from New England Biolabs (Hitchin, UK).