Resting blood pressure was assessed with a Colin Jentow monitor (Model 7000; Colin Medical, Japan) for pre- and post-test systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure levels in the laboratory. On a separate day, cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a TrueMax 2400 Metabolic Cart (ParvoMedics Inc., USA), and heart rate (HR) was recorded during this session using a Polar S810I telemetry system (Polar, Finland). After a 3-minute warm-up at 30 watts (W) with a set pedal frequency of 60 revolutions per minute (RPM), the initial load was set at 45 W and was increased 15 W every minute until voluntary cessation and/or pedal frequency could not be maintained. All sessions were performed on an electronically braked Monark cycle ergometer, 839E (Monark, Sweden), using a two-way breathing valve and nose clip (Hans Rudolph, USA). Due to the strenuous nature of the exercise session, not all participants achieved the criteria for VO2max,21 (link) so VO2peak was accepted as an indicant of aerobic power.
Two way breathing valve
Manufactured by Hans Rudolph
Sourced in Sweden, United States
The Two-way breathing valve is a lab equipment designed to facilitate controlled airflow in various applications. It allows for the separate and regulated passage of inhaled and exhaled air, maintaining a precise flow and pressure balance.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
2 protocols using two way breathing valve
1
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessment Protocol
2
Incremental Cycling Protocol for PPO
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Body mass and stature was recorded upon arrival at the laboratory. Participants then completed a 5 min cycling warmup prior to commencing the incremental ramp protocol. The cycle ergometer (Excalibur sport, Lode, Groningen, Netherlands) was adjusted for each participant prior to commencing the incremental ramp protocol; cycling at 90 W and then 120 W for 2 min, thereafter workload increased by 1 W ⋅2 s–1 until volitional termination corresponding to the PPO. Expired gases were collected using a two-way breathing valve (Hans Rudolph, Shawnee, OH, United States) and analyzed using a calibrated gas analysis system (TrueOne 2400, Parvo Medics, East Sandy, UT, United States). The highest oxygen consumption over a 30-s period was recorded as the peak (L ⋅ min–1). Heart rate was obtained continuously (800cx, Polar, Finland) during the protocol.
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