Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a 4.7 T scanner (Bruker, PharmaScan 47/16 US) using a 38mm linear volume coil for transmitting and receiving. Rats were anesthetized with 5% isoflurane in oxygen (1L/min) and secured on a custom-made holding apparatus with a stabilizing tooth bar and a nose cone. During scanning, the isoflurane concentration was maintained at 2–3%, and the body temperature was kept constant with a heating pad. T1-weighted images were acquired using a three-dimensional rapid acquisition-relaxation enhanced pulse sequence (repetition time = 300ms; echo time = 12.5ms; number of averages = 7; number of slices: coronal = 127, sagittal = 57, axial = 57; flip angle = 180°; field of view = 26 x 17 x 17mm; and matrix size = 128/54/54, resulting in 0.2 x 0.31 x 0.31mm voxel resolution).
Pharmascan 47 16 us
Manufactured by Bruker
Sourced in Germany
The Pharmascan 47/16 US is a compact, high-performance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system designed for preclinical research applications. It features a 4.7 Tesla superconducting magnet and supports a 16 cm horizontal bore size. The system is capable of acquiring high-resolution anatomical, functional, and spectroscopic data from small animal models.
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3 protocols using pharmascan 47 16 us
1
In-Vivo MRI Imaging of Rodent Brain
2
Multiparametric MRI Characterization of Rat Brain
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Imaging was performed on a 4.7 T small-animal MRI system (Pharmascan 47/16 US; Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany) running Paravision 6.0.1 and equipped with B-GA9S HP gradient system (380 mT/m gradient strength and 3420 T/m/s maximum slew rate). Images were acquired with a transmit-only volume coil (outer/inner diameter = 89/72 mm) and a receive-only rat brain surface coil.
Coronal T2-weighted images were obtained using a 2D RARE sequence: TR/TE = 3470/36 ms; 30 slices; slice thickness = 0.7 mm; interslice gap = 0.3 mm; field of view (FOV) = 35 × 35 mm2; matrix = 256 × 256; echo spacing = 12 ms; rare factor = 8; fat suppression = on; averages = 2; bandwidth = 128 Hz/pixel; acquisition time = 3:42.
To map ADC, a double-sampled respiratory-triggered segmented spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence with diffusion-weighting gradients applied in 3 orthogonal directions was used: TR/TE = 2800/30 ms; 19 coronal slices; slice thickness = 1 mm; interslice gap = 0.25 mm; FOV = 30 × 30 mm2; matrix = 128 × 128; fat suppression = on; segments = 3; averages = 6; b-values = 0, 800, 1500 s/mm2; bandwidth = 2344 Hz/pixel; field map-based shimming (MAPSHIM) using an elliptical shim volume adjusted to the rat brain; acquisition time: 10:12 ± 00:47 (mm:ss) depending on respiratory rate. ADC maps were automatically calculated by the post-processing macro of Paravision software.
Coronal T2-weighted images were obtained using a 2D RARE sequence: TR/TE = 3470/36 ms; 30 slices; slice thickness = 0.7 mm; interslice gap = 0.3 mm; field of view (FOV) = 35 × 35 mm2; matrix = 256 × 256; echo spacing = 12 ms; rare factor = 8; fat suppression = on; averages = 2; bandwidth = 128 Hz/pixel; acquisition time = 3:42.
To map ADC, a double-sampled respiratory-triggered segmented spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence with diffusion-weighting gradients applied in 3 orthogonal directions was used: TR/TE = 2800/30 ms; 19 coronal slices; slice thickness = 1 mm; interslice gap = 0.25 mm; FOV = 30 × 30 mm2; matrix = 128 × 128; fat suppression = on; segments = 3; averages = 6; b-values = 0, 800, 1500 s/mm2; bandwidth = 2344 Hz/pixel; field map-based shimming (MAPSHIM) using an elliptical shim volume adjusted to the rat brain; acquisition time: 10:12 ± 00:47 (mm:ss) depending on respiratory rate. ADC maps were automatically calculated by the post-processing macro of Paravision software.
3
Respiratory-Triggered DW MRI of Mouse Abdomen
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The study on C57Bl/6 mice was approved by the local veterinary committee (license no. 131/2011). Mice (n = 29; 25-32 g) aged 8-10 weeks were placed in the prone position on a respiratory sensor (SA Instruments, Stony Brook, NY, USA) located in a plastic holder with nose cone, providing air supplemented with 1.0-1.5 % isoflurane, and covered by a warming pad to maintain body temperature. Experiments were performed on a 4.7 T small-animal MRI system (Pharmascan 47/16 US; Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany) with a gradient strength of 375 mT/m and a slew rate of 3375 T/m/s equipped with a linear polarized hydrogen whole-body mouse transmitreceive radiofrequency coil. After a gradient-echo localizer scan in three spatial directions, a respiratory-triggered DW spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence covering the abdomen with ten axial slices, each with a 1.5-mm slice thickness was applied with the following settings: effective TE = 30 ms, TR = 3000 ms, number of signal averages = 8, fat suppression prepulse, field of view (FoV) 30 × 30 mm, acquisition matrix 128 × 128, voxel (vx) size 0.234 mm × 0.234 mm × 1.5 mm. Nine different bvalues were acquired with 0, 13, 24, 55, 107, 260, 514, 767, 1020 s/mm 2 . The calculated acquisition time of this sequence was 14:22 min; due to the respiratory-triggered acquisition, the actual scan duration amounted to ~20 min.
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