Standards of mono- and disaccharides: d -fructose, d -glucose, d -galactose, d -(+)-sucrose, d -lactose monohydrate, and ammonia solution (25%, LC-MS LiChropur™ grade) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Glucose-13C6 (Glu-13C6, U-13C6, 99%, chemical purity 98%) and lactose monohydrate (Lac-13C6, UL-13C6glc, 98%+) were procured from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc. (Tewksbury, MA, USA). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ.cm) was prepared with MilliQ® Direct-Q® UV (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Acetonitrile (MeCN; LiChrosolv, HPLC gradient grade), and guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl; ≥99%) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Biotage Isolute® PLD+, C18 and NH2 were procured from Biotage Sweden AB (Uppsala, Sweden). Amicon Ultra-0.5 centrifugal filter unit (3 kDa) and Millex-LCR filters (Pore size 0.2 µm, Filter Dimension 13 mm) were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany) and Microsep Advance Centrifugal Devices with Omega Membrane 1K filter unit was purchased from Pall Corporation (Port Washington, NY, USA).
D lactose monohydrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
D-lactose monohydrate is a type of laboratory equipment used in various scientific and pharmaceutical applications. It is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose. D-lactose monohydrate is commonly used as a stabilizer, filler, or excipient in the formulation of pharmaceutical products and as a substrate in cell culture media.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
D galactose, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
D glucose, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Sucrose, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sodium caseinate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
D sucrose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
D fructose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sulfanoyl, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Stearic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Maltodextrin 10, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ammonia solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lc ms lichropur grade, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milliq direct q uv, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Guanidine hydrochloride guhcl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Amicon ultra 0.5 centrifugal filter unit 3 kda, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Millex lcr filters, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D glucuronic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
2 2 azobis 2 methylpropionitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
21 protocols using d lactose monohydrate
1
Carbohydrate Profiling: Standards and Preparation
2
Hydrogel Biosensor Production Protocol
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Prior to the polymerization,
stabilizers were removed from the functional and crosslinking monomers
by passing the reagents over a column packed with aluminum oxide.
Acrylamide (≥99%), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (98%), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile)
(98%), tetrahydrofuran (≥99.9%), dimethyl sulfoxide (≥99.9%),
acetic acid (≥99%),d -fructose (≥99%), d -lactose monohydrate (≥99.5%), and sucrose (≥99.5%)
were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich.d -Glucuronic acid (98%) and
methanol (≥99%) were supplied by Fisher Scientific.d -Glucose (≥98%) was purchased from TCI Chemicals. All solutions
were prepared with deionized water with a resistivity of 18.1 MΩ
cm–1 or with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps were made with a Sylgard 184 elastomer
kit obtained from Mavom N.V. (Schelle, Belgium). Aluminum chips were
supplied by Brico NV (Korbeek-Lo, Belgium) and cut to the desired
dimensions (1 × 1 cm). Medi-Test Glucose test strips for the
rapid detection of glucose in urine were purchased from VWR International.
stabilizers were removed from the functional and crosslinking monomers
by passing the reagents over a column packed with aluminum oxide.
Acrylamide (≥99%), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (98%), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile)
(98%), tetrahydrofuran (≥99.9%), dimethyl sulfoxide (≥99.9%),
acetic acid (≥99%),
were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich.
methanol (≥99%) were supplied by Fisher Scientific.
were prepared with deionized water with a resistivity of 18.1 MΩ
cm–1 or with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps were made with a Sylgard 184 elastomer
kit obtained from Mavom N.V. (Schelle, Belgium). Aluminum chips were
supplied by Brico NV (Korbeek-Lo, Belgium) and cut to the desired
dimensions (1 × 1 cm). Medi-Test Glucose test strips for the
rapid detection of glucose in urine were purchased from VWR International.
3
Enzymatic Lactose Conversion and Isomerization
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D-Lactose monohydrate (≥99.5% purity), D (+) galactose (≥99% purity), D (+) glucose (≥99.5% purity), KOH and acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) and were of the highest quality available, unless otherwise stated.
β-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) NOLA Fit5500 (Bacillus licheniformis 5500 BLU g−1) is a soluble preparation from Chr. HANSEN (Hørsholm, Denmark), β-Galactosidase is an Ha-Lactase 5200 (Kluyveromyces lactis 5200 NLU g−1) soluble preparation from Chr. HANSEN (Denmark) and GODO-YNL2 (Kluyveromyces lactis 5000 NLU g−1) is a soluble preparation from Danisco (Copenhagen, Denmark). Immobilised glucose isomerase (activity 350 U g−1) was isolated from Streptomyces murinus from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Sweet and acid whey permeates with an initial solids’ concentration of 5% were donated by local dairy factories.
β-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) NOLA Fit5500 (Bacillus licheniformis 5500 BLU g−1) is a soluble preparation from Chr. HANSEN (Hørsholm, Denmark), β-Galactosidase is an Ha-Lactase 5200 (Kluyveromyces lactis 5200 NLU g−1) soluble preparation from Chr. HANSEN (Denmark) and GODO-YNL2 (Kluyveromyces lactis 5000 NLU g−1) is a soluble preparation from Danisco (Copenhagen, Denmark). Immobilised glucose isomerase (activity 350 U g−1) was isolated from Streptomyces murinus from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Sweet and acid whey permeates with an initial solids’ concentration of 5% were donated by local dairy factories.
4
Recombinant Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 Production
5
Chitosan-PVA Hydrogel Synthesis
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SA, low-viscous chitosan, hydrolyzed PVA (87%–89%), and D-lactose monohydrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Aston Manor, South Africa) and MT was supplied by Aquaculture Innovation (Grahamstown, South Africa). All other chemical products were of analytical grade.
6
Selective Media for Microbial Isolation
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Chitosan (medium molecular weight 375 kDa, deacetylation 75%), glycerol (≥ 99.5%), D-lactose monohydrate, hydrochloric acid (analytical reagent), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), tetraethylorthosilicate (TeOS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), ethanol (>99%, v/v), 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA), glycerol, sodium hydroxide, nalidixic acid, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium chloride, streptomycin sulfate, thallium acetate and cycloheximide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO, USA). Tween 80, magnesium sulfite heptahydrate, and potassium dibasic phosphate were purchased from J.T. Baker (Estado de Mexico, Mexico). Standard plate count agar, bismuth sulfite agar, nutrient broth, yeast extract, bacteriological agar, and casein peptone were purchased from Bioxon (Cuautitlán, Mexico), while McConkey-sorbitol agar was obtained from Gibco (Mexico City, Mexico). For streptomycin sulfate, thallium acetate, and actidione (STAA) agar, a base with (% w/v): casein peptone, 2; anhydrous glycerol, 1.5; yeast extract, 0. 2; potassium dibasic phosphate, 0.1; magnesium sulfite heptahydrate, 0.1; bacteriological agar, 1.3 was used; it was supplemented with (% w/v): streptomycin sulfate, 0.005; thallium acetate, 0.0005; and cycloheximide, 0.0005.
7
Purification of His6-tagged SAS1 from E. coli
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Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) harboring pET24d::his6-SAS1 was grown at 37°C until it reached an OD600 of ~0.6–0.8 and was induced by adding 12.5 g/ld (+)-lactose monohydrate (Sigma). After 20 h at 30°C, cells were harvested as described. The cell pellet was resuspended in 10 ml of wash buffer [20 mM HEPES/NaOH (pH 8.0), 250 mM NaCl, 40 mM imidazole, 20 mM MgCl2, 20 mM KCl], supplemented 0.1 mg/ml of DNase I, RNase A, lysozyme, and 1 × cOmplete™ EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Cells were lysed by three passages through a French press mini cell at 900 psi. The cleared lysate was applied to 1 ml of equilibrated nickel nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) agarose (Qiagen) and washed three times with 10 ml of wash buffer. HisSAS1 was eluted by adding 1 ml of elution buffer [20 mM HEPES/NaOH (pH 8.0), 250 mM NaCl, 500 mM imidazole, 20 mM MgCl2, 20 mM KCl] five times. HisSAS1 was buffer exchanged in storage buffer [20 mM HEPES/NaOH (pH 7.5), 200 mM NaCl, 20 mM MgCl2, 20 mM KCl] and concentrated using a 30 kDa Amicon® (Millipore). Protein concentration was determined using the Roti®-Quant reagent (Carl Roth) using BSA as a standard, and the aliquots were stored at −80°C.
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Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) harboring pET24d::his6-SAS1 was grown at 37°C until it reached an OD600 of ~0.6–0.8 and was induced by adding 12.5 g/l
8
Metabolic Profiling of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Skimmed Milk
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L. brevis D6, L. fermentum D12, L. plantarum D13, and E. faecium ZGZA7-10 were inoculated into skimmed milk (2%) (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, St. Louis, MO, USA) or in skimmed milk with added 2.0, 4.0 and 6.5% (w/v) of NaCl and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C. During cultivation, lactic acid production, pH value, and the bacterial counts were monitored. Proteolytic activity of examined strains after 4 h of incubation in 0.65% (w/v) casein was quantified according to Anson’s method as described by Beganović et al. [38 (link)]. Quantification of lactose, lactate and acetate after overnight growth of particular LAB strains in skimmed milk was performed by liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV/VIS-DAD) while diacetyl was determined by gas chromatography (GC-FID). D-lactose monohydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, St. Louis, MO, USA), anhydrous sodium acetate (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, St. Louis, MO, USA), sodium-d,l -lactate (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, St. Louis, MO, USA), and diacetyl (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, St. Louis, MO, USA), were used as analytical standards. The quantification limit of the HPLC/UV/VIS (DAD) method is 0.00625 mg/mL for acetate and 0.00625 mg/mL for lactate. The quantification limit for the determination of diacetyl by the GC-FID method is 0.1 mg/mL.
9
Formulation and Characterization of a Novel Pharmaceutical Delivery System
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GBD was kindly provided from Amriya Pharmaceutical Industries, Alexandria, Egypt. Poloxamer 188 was supplied by Spectrum Chemicals (New Brunswick, NJ, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was obtained from Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC; MCC PH 101) was purchased from FMC, Cork, Ireland. D-lactose monohydrate was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany. Polyvinylpyrridone (polyplasdone XL10) was obtained from Ashland Specialty Ingredients (Wilmington, DE, USA). Colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil 200) was provided from Evonik Degussa AG (Essen, Germany). Other materials were of pharmaceutical grade and were used as supplied.
10
Enzymatic Synthesis of Galacto-oligosaccharides
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D (+) Lactose monohydrate, D (+) glucose, D (+) fructose, D (+) galactose, o-nitrophenol (o-NP), o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (o-NPG) and galacto-oligosaccharides standards (3α-4β-3α galactotetraose, 4β-galactobiose) were supplied by Sigma (St Louis, MO, United States). Lactulose was provided by Discovery Fine Chemicals (Wimborne, United Kingdom). Agarose Bead Standard (6% cross-linked with epichlorohydrin) and packed bed reactor were purchased from Agarose Bead Technologies (Madrid, Spain). The enzyme used was EnzecoTM Fungal Lactase Concentrate, a commercial preparation of A. oryzae β-galactosidase kindly donated by Enzyme Development Corporation, New York, NY, United States. All other reagents were analytical grade and supplied by Sigma or Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
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