Example 4
Western Blotting of Components of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway
Primary antibodies used to measure PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling were anti-human phospho-AKT (Ser 473) (clone: 193H12), anti-human AKT, anti-human phospho-4E-BP1 (Thr37/46), anti-human 4E-BP1, anti-human phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (Ser235/236) (clone: 2F9), and anti-human S6 ribosomal protein (clone: 54D2) (Cell Signaling; Beverly, Mass.). Secondary antibodies used were Peroxidase-AffiniPure F(ab′)2 Fragment Goat anti-Rabbit IgG, F(ab′)2 Fragment Specific, and Peroxidase-AffiniPure F(ab′)2 Fragment Goat anti-Mouse IgG, Fcγ Fragment Specific (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, Pa.). Western blots were developed using SuperSignal West Pico Luminol Enhancer Solution (Thermo Scientific; Rockford, Ill.) chemiluminescent substrate and visualized following exposure to film.